模式识别开发之项目---身份证上面的数字识别

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace ReadNum_DividedByZeros_
{
    class CBitmap
    {
        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 生成缩略图
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="originalImagePath">源图路径（物理路径）</param>
        /// <param name="width">缩略图宽度</param>
        /// <param name="height">缩略图高度</param>

        public static Bitmap MakeThumbnail(string originalImagePath, int width, int height, int potx, int poty)
        {
            System.Drawing.Image originalImage = System.Drawing.Image.FromFile(originalImagePath);

            int towidth = width;
            int toheight = height;

            int x = potx;
            int y = poty;
            int ow = width;
            int oh = height;

            System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(towidth, toheight); //Image=>Bitmap

            //新建一个画板
            System.Drawing.Graphics g = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(bitmap);

            //设置高质量插值法
            g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.High;

            //设置高质量,低速度呈现平滑程度
            g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;

            //清空画布并以透明背景色填充
            g.Clear(Color.Transparent);

            //在指定位置并且按指定大小绘制原图片的指定部分
            g.DrawImage(originalImage, new Rectangle(0, 0, towidth, toheight), new Rectangle(x, y, ow, oh), GraphicsUnit.Pixel);

            return bitmap;  // creative class Bitmap is here _Jiana
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// </summary>

    class UnCodebase
    {
        public Bitmap bmpobj;
        public UnCodebase(Bitmap pic)
        {
            bmpobj = new Bitmap(pic);    //转换为Format32bppRgb
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 根据RGB，计算灰度值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="posClr">Color值</param>
        /// <returns>灰度值，整型</returns>
        private int GetGrayNumColor(System.Drawing.Color posClr)
        {
            return (posClr.R * 19595 + posClr.G * 38469 + posClr.B * 7472) >> 16;
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 灰度转换,逐点方式
        /// </summary>
        public void GrayByPixels()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < bmpobj.Height; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < bmpobj.Width; j++)
                {
                    int tmpValue = GetGrayNumColor(bmpobj.GetPixel(j, i));
                    bmpobj.SetPixel(j, i, Color.FromArgb(tmpValue, tmpValue, tmpValue));
                }
            }
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 去图形边框
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="borderWidth"></param>
        public void ClearPicBorder(int borderWidth)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < bmpobj.Height; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < bmpobj.Width; j++)
                {
                    if (i < borderWidth || j < borderWidth || j > bmpobj.Width - 1 - borderWidth || i > bmpobj.Height - 1 - borderWidth)
                        bmpobj.SetPixel(j, i, Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255));
                }
            }
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 灰度转换,逐行方式
        /// </summary>
        public void GrayByLine()
        {
            Rectangle rec = new Rectangle(0, 0, bmpobj.Width, bmpobj.Height);
            BitmapData bmpData = bmpobj.LockBits(rec, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, bmpobj.PixelFormat);// PixelFormat.Format32bppPArgb);
            //    bmpData.PixelFormat = PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb;
            IntPtr scan0 = bmpData.Scan0;
            int len = bmpobj.Width * bmpobj.Height;
            int[] pixels = new int[len];
            Marshal.Copy(scan0, pixels, 0, len);

            //对图片进行处理
            int GrayValue = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
            {
                GrayValue = GetGrayNumColor(Color.FromArgb(pixels[i]));
                pixels[i] = (byte)(Color.FromArgb(GrayValue, GrayValue, GrayValue)).ToArgb();      //Color转byte
            }

            bmpobj.UnlockBits(bmpData);
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 得到有效图形并调整为可平均分割的大小
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dgGrayValue">灰度背景分界值</param>
        /// <param name="CharsCount">有效字符数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public void GetPicValidByValue(int dgGrayValue, int CharsCount)
        {
            int posx1 = bmpobj.Width; int posy1 = bmpobj.Height;
            int posx2 = 0; int posy2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < bmpobj.Height; i++)      //找有效区
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < bmpobj.Width; j++)
                {
                    int pixelValue = bmpobj.GetPixel(j, i).R;
                    if (pixelValue < dgGrayValue)     //根据灰度值
                    {
                        if (posx1 > j) posx1 = j;
                        if (posy1 > i) posy1 = i;

                        if (posx2 < j) posx2 = j;
                        if (posy2 < i) posy2 = i;
                    };
                };
            };
            // 确保能整除
            int Span = CharsCount - (posx2 - posx1 + 1) % CharsCount;   //可整除的差额数
            if (Span < CharsCount)
            {
                int leftSpan = Span / 2;    //分配到左边的空列 ，如span为单数,则右边比左边大1
                if (posx1 > leftSpan)
                    posx1 = posx1 - leftSpan;
                if (posx2 + Span - leftSpan < bmpobj.Width)
                    posx2 = posx2 + Span - leftSpan;
            }
            //复制新图
            Rectangle cloneRect = new Rectangle(posx1, posy1, posx2 - posx1 + 1, posy2 - posy1 + 1);
            bmpobj = bmpobj.Clone(cloneRect, bmpobj.PixelFormat);
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 得到有效图形,图形为类变量
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dgGrayValue">灰度背景分界值</param>
        /// <param name="CharsCount">有效字符数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public void GetPicValidByValue(int dgGrayValue)
        {
            int posx1 = bmpobj.Width; int posy1 = bmpobj.Height;
            int posx2 = 0; int posy2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < bmpobj.Height; i++)      //找有效区
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < bmpobj.Width; j++)
                {
                    int pixelValue = bmpobj.GetPixel(j, i).R;
                    if (pixelValue < dgGrayValue)     //根据灰度值
                    {
                        if (posx1 > j) posx1 = j;
                        if (posy1 > i) posy1 = i;

                        if (posx2 < j) posx2 = j;
                        if (posy2 < i) posy2 = i;
                    };
                };
            };
            //复制新图
            Rectangle cloneRect = new Rectangle(posx1, posy1, posx2 - posx1 + 1, posy2 - posy1 + 1);
            bmpobj = bmpobj.Clone(cloneRect, bmpobj.PixelFormat);
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 得到有效图形,图形由外面传入
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dgGrayValue">灰度背景分界值</param>
        /// <param name="CharsCount">有效字符数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Bitmap GetPicValidByValue(Bitmap singlepic, int dgGrayValue)
        {
            int posx1 = singlepic.Width; int posy1 = singlepic.Height;
            int posx2 = 0; int posy2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < singlepic.Height; i++)      //找有效区
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < singlepic.Width; j++)
                {
                    int pixelValue = singlepic.GetPixel(j, i).R;
                    if (pixelValue < dgGrayValue)     //根据灰度值
                    {
                        if (posx1 > j) posx1 = j;
                        if (posy1 > i) posy1 = i;

                        if (posx2 < j) posx2 = j;
                        if (posy2 < i) posy2 = i;
                    };
                };
            };
            //复制新图
            Rectangle cloneRect = new Rectangle(posx1, posy1, posx2 - posx1 + 1, posy2 - posy1 + 1);
            return singlepic.Clone(cloneRect, singlepic.PixelFormat);
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 平均分割图片
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="RowNum">水平上分割数</param>
        /// <param name="ColNum">垂直上分割数</param>
        /// <returns>分割好的图片数组</returns>
        public Bitmap[] GetSplitPics(int RowNum, int ColNum)
        {
            if (RowNum == 0 || ColNum == 0)
                return null;
            int singW = bmpobj.Width / RowNum;
            int singH = bmpobj.Height / ColNum;
            Bitmap[] PicArray = new Bitmap[RowNum * ColNum];

            Rectangle cloneRect;
            for (int i = 0; i < ColNum; i++)      //找有效区
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < RowNum; j++)
                {
                    cloneRect = new Rectangle(j * singW, i * singH, singW, singH);
                    PicArray[i * RowNum + j] = bmpobj.Clone(cloneRect, bmpobj.PixelFormat);//复制小块图
                }
            }
            return PicArray;
        }

        /**/
        /// <summary>
        /// 返回灰度图片的点阵描述字串，1表示灰点，0表示背景
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="singlepic">灰度图</param>
        /// <param name="dgGrayValue">背前景灰色界限</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string GetSingleBmpCode(Bitmap singlepic, int dgGrayValue)
        {
            Color piexl;
            string code = "";
            for (int posx = 0; posx < singlepic.Width; posx++)
                for (int posy = 0; posy < singlepic.Height; posy++)
                {
                    piexl = singlepic.GetPixel(posx, posy);
                    if (piexl.R < dgGrayValue)    // Color.Black )
                        code = code + "1";
                    else
                        code = code + "0";
                }
            return code;
        }

        /* The function is used to divide picture by analysing zeros of pixel _Jiana */
        public string[] dividePic(string picPixel, int zerosLength)
        {
            string zeros = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < zerosLength; i++)
            {
                zeros+='0';
            }
            string[] array = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Split(picPixel, zeros);
            return array;
        }

        /* The function is used to analyze the pixel's codes and conver them to number _Jiana*/
        public string analyzePixelC(string[] code,int drow)
        {
            long[] sum = new long[drow];
            for (int i = 0; i < drow; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < code[i].Length; j++)
                {
                    char num = code[i][j];
                    int a = (int)num - 48;
                    sum[i] += a;
                }
            }

            char[] result = new char[drow];

            for (int i = 0; i < drow; i++)
            {
                // Judge the number _Jiana
                if (sum[i] >= 63 && sum[i] <= 69) { sum[i] = 66; } // 0
                if (sum[i] >= 36 && sum[i] <= 38) { sum[i] = 37; } // 1
                if (sum[i] >= 56 && sum[i] <= 58) { sum[i] = 57; } // 2
                if (sum[i] >= 57 && sum[i] <= 59) { sum[i] = 58; } // 3
                if (sum[i] >= 43 && sum[i] <= 45) { sum[i] = 44; } // 4
                if (sum[i] >= 49 && sum[i] <= 51) { sum[i] = 50; } // 5
                if (sum[i] >= 58 && sum[i] <= 60) { sum[i] = 59; } // 6
                if (sum[i] >= 44 && sum[i] <= 46) { sum[i] = 45; } // 7
                if (sum[i] >= 72 && sum[i] <= 78) { sum[i] = 75; } // 8 
                if (sum[i] >= 63 && sum[i] <= 65) { sum[i] = 64; } // 9
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < drow; i++)
            {
                switch (sum[i])
                {
                    case 66: result[i] = '0'; break;
                    case 37: result[i] = '1'; break;
                    case 57: result[i] = '2'; break;
                    case 58: result[i] = '3'; break;
                    case 44: result[i] = '4'; break;
                    case 50: result[i] = '5'; break;
                    case 59: result[i] = '6'; break;
                    case 45: result[i] = '7'; break;
                    case 75: result[i] = '8'; break;
                    case 64: result[i] = '9'; break;
                    default: result[i] = ' '; break;
                }
            }

            string returnResult = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < drow; i++)
            {
                returnResult += result[i];
            }
            return returnResult;
        }
    }

    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            //Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            //Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            //Application.Run(new Form1());
            Bitmap mBitmap = CBitmap.MakeThumbnail("E://license2.jpg", 250, 22, 163, 242);
            UnCodebase rgb = new UnCodebase(mBitmap);
            rgb.GrayByPixels();
            int drow = 1, dcol = 1;
            Bitmap[] pics = rgb.GetSplitPics(drow, dcol);
            string[] code = new string[drow];
            for (int i = 0; i < drow; i++)
            {
                code[i] = rgb.GetSingleBmpCode(pics[i], 128);
            }

            // test: divide by zeros _Jiana
            string piecePic = "";
            int lastOne = 0;
            int flag1=0;
            for (int i = code[0].Length-1; i > 0; i--)
            {
                if (code[0][i] != '0' && flag1 == 0)
                {
                    flag1 = 1;
                    lastOne = i;
                }
            }
            int flag2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < lastOne; i++)
            {
                if (code[0][i] != '0' && flag2 == 0)
                {
                    flag2 = 1;
                }
                if (flag2 == 1)
                {
                    piecePic += code[0][i];
                }
            }

            string[] div = rgb.dividePic(piecePic, 98);
            string number = rgb.analyzePixelC(div, 18);

            System.Console.WriteLine("");
        }
    }
}

 http://blog.csdn.net/liulina603/article/details/7945544