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  • 第7题:判断两个链表是否相交

    欢迎转载,转载请务必注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/alading2009/article/details/44801889

    插播一下第6题:

    腾讯面试题,给你10分钟时间,根据上排给出的十个数,在其下排填出对应的十个数,要求下排每个数都是先前上排那十个数在下排出现的次数。
    上排的十个数如下:【0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9】

    (PS:既然是一个10分钟的面试题,要求直接写出下排对应的10个数,就不写什么算法了。)我是直接从最大的数开始推算。比如9,如果在下排出现了1次,那么下排有一个1,即上排的1在下排至少出现了1次,由于总共只有10个数字,那么下排只能是9个1,意味着0~8都出现了一次,而此时下排只有1和9,矛盾,第一次尝试结果是9的出现次数只能为0(如果存在解的话)。以此类推…


    第7题:给出两个单向链表的头指针,比如h1,h2,判断这两个链表是否相交。假设两个链表是无环的。

    两个单向链表相交,显然交点以后的部分都是一样的,因此只需要比较最后一个节点是否一样就行。

    代码:

    package test007;
    
    /**
     * Created by cq on 2015/3/31.
     * 节点的类定义
     */
    public class Node {
        private int data;
        private Node next;
        public Node(int data){
            this.data = data;
            this.next = null;
        }
        public int getData() {
            return data;
        }
    
        public void setData(int data) {
            this.data = data;
        }
    
        public Node getNext() {
            return next;
        }
    
        public void setNext(Node next) {
            this.next = next;
        }
    
        public static int getLength(Node list){
            int len = 0;
            while (list != null){
                len++;
                list = list.getNext();
            }
            return len;
        }
    }
    package test007;
    
    /**
     * Created by cq on 2015/3/31.
     * 第7题:给出两个单向链表的头指针,比如h1,h2,判断这两个链表是否相交。假设两链表不带环。
     */
    public class IsListsIntersection {
        //比较最后一个节点是否是同一个节点,无环情况
        public static boolean isListsInters(Node h1, Node h2){
            if (h1 == null || h2 == null){
                return false;
            }
            while (h1.getNext() != null){
                h1 = h1.getNext();
            }
            while (h2.getNext() != null){
                h2 = h2.getNext();
            }
            return h1 == h2;
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args){
            Node h1 = new Node(1);
            Node n2 = new Node(2);
            Node h2 = new Node(3);
            Node n4 = new Node(4);
            Node n5 = new Node(5);
            h1.setNext(n2);
            n2.setNext(n4);
            h2.setNext(n4);
            n4.setNext(n5);
    
            System.out.println("h1与h2相交:"+IsListsIntersection.isListsInters(h1,h2));
        }
    }

    执行结果

    Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:61558', transport: 'socket'
    Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:61558', transport: 'socket'
    h1与h2相交:true
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

    第7题扩展1:求出两个链表相交的第一个节点列

    无环情况下,两链表相交,则从后往前先将其对齐,再逐对比较。

    代码

        //求出第一个相交节点,即得出相交的节点列,无环情况
        public static Node getFirstIntersList(Node h1, Node h2){
            //计算两个链表之间的长度差距
            int distance = Node.getLength(h1) - Node.getLength(h2);
            //对较长的链表进行移动,直到两者长度一致
            if (distance > 0){
                h1 = IsListsIntersection.movePosD(h1,distance);
            }else{
                h2 = IsListsIntersection.movePosD(h2,distance);
            }
            //从头开始,对节点进行逐对比较
            while ( h1 != null && h2 != null){
                if (h1 == h2){
                    return h1;
                }
                h1 = h1.getNext();
                h2 = h2.getNext();
            }
            return null;
        }
        //将指针后移dis个位置
        public static Node movePosD(Node h, int dis){
            while (h != null && dis >0){
                h = h.getNext();
                dis--;
            }
            return h;
        }
        //打印链表
        public static void printList(Node h){
            while (h != null){
                System.out.print(h.getData()+" ");
                h = h.getNext();
            }
        } 
        public static void main(String[] args){
            Node h1 = new Node(1);
            Node n2 = new Node(2);
            Node h2 = new Node(3);
            Node n4 = new Node(4);
            Node n5 = new Node(5);
            h1.setNext(n2);
            n2.setNext(n4);
            h2.setNext(n4);
            n4.setNext(n5);
    
            Node commonList = IsListsIntersection.getFirstIntersList(h1,h2);
            IsListsIntersection.printList(commonList);
        }   

    执行结果

    Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:14659', transport: 'socket'
    Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:14659', transport: 'socket'
    4 5 
    Process finished with exit code 0

    第7题扩展2:如果链表可能有环列,判断是否相交

    先要判断是否有环列,再判断两链表是否相交,这里涉及到数学中的追及问题。

    代码

        // 判断可能有环列的两链表是否相交
        public static boolean isListsIntersR(Node h1, Node h2){
            Node[] cycleInfOfH1 = cycleInf(h1), cycleInfOfH2 = cycleInf(h2);
    
            //一个有环,一个无环;或者两者环的长度不相等
            if ((cycleInfOfH1 != null && cycleInfOfH2 == null) || (cycleInfOfH1 == null && cycleInfOfH2 != null) || cycleInfOfH1[1].getData() != cycleInfOfH2[1].getData()){
                return false;
            }
            //两个都无环
            else if (cycleInfOfH1 == null && cycleInfOfH2 == null){
                return isListsInters(h1,h2);
            }
            else {
               int cycleLen = cycleInfOfH1[1].getData();
               Node cycleNodeOfH1 = cycleInfOfH1[0];
               while (cycleLen > 0){
                   if (cycleNodeOfH1 == cycleInfOfH2[0]){
                       return true;
                   }
                   cycleNodeOfH1 = cycleNodeOfH1.getNext();
                   cycleLen--;
               }
            }
            return false;
        }
        /*
         * 判断链表是否有环:若无,返回null;若有,返回两个Node,一个存放环内一节点,另一个存放环长度。
         * 设h1以1的速度后移,h2以2的速度后移,类似追及问题,以h1为参照系,则h1速度为0,h2的速度为1,
         * 若存在环(绕圈跑),在某一时间,h2总能追上h1,且第一次追上时,h2恰巧比h1多移动了1个环的长度。
         * 若不存在环,则到尾节点就结束
         */
        public static Node[] cycleInf(Node h){
            Node h1 = h, h2 = h;
            int len1 = 0 , len2 = 0;
            Node[] arr = new Node[2];
            while (h1.getNext() != null && h2.getNext() != null && h2.getNext().getNext() != null){
                h1 = h1.getNext();
                h2 = h2.getNext().getNext();
                len1++;
                len2 += 2;
                if (h1 == h2){
                    arr[0] = h1;
                    arr[1] = new Node(len2 - len1);
                    return arr;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
        public static void main(String[] args){
            Node h1 = new Node(1);
            Node n2 = new Node(2);
            Node h2 = new Node(3);
            Node n4 = new Node(4);
            Node n5 = new Node(5);
            Node n6 = new Node(6);
            Node h3 = new Node(7);
            Node n8 = new Node(8);
            h3.setNext(n8);
            h1.setNext(n2);
            n2.setNext(n4);
            h2.setNext(n4);
            n4.setNext(n5);
            n5.setNext(n6);
            n6.setNext(n4);
            System.out.println("h1与h2相交:"+IsListsIntersection.isListsIntersR(h1,h2));
            System.out.println("h1与h3相交:"+IsListsIntersection.isListsIntersR(h1,h3));
    
        }

    执行结果

    Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:40761', transport: 'socket'
    Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:40761', transport: 'socket'
    h1与h2相交:true
    h1与h3相交:false
    
    Process finished with exit code 0
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/read-the-spring-and-autumn-annals-in-night/p/12041989.html
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