ALV报表在SAP系统里面几乎随处可见，只要跟报表有关的系统都会制作成ALV的形式。像SE11里面查看表格的内容，系统就以ALV的形式体现，在报表里面可以对任何的栏位进行排序，还可以对任何的列进行筛选，也可以导出成Excel文档，也能对数值列进行汇总。可以说ALV的报表在实际报表的开发中占有非常重要的地位。学会它是每个ABAPer必须要经过的一关。
目前实现ALV的形式报表主要有2种：调用函数REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY和用面向对象的方法实现。前一种比较普遍，不过性能好像不太高，如果查询语句写得不太精妙，很容易出现卡的情况。后者是采用面向对象的形式，事先在画面上画出一个控制区域，然后用代码的形式填充ALV进去。
现在着重介绍第二种方法。
1、首先在SE38里面新建一个程序：
2、保存退出，在SE51里面新建屏幕100：
3、打开格式，准备在上面画出一个控制区域：
4、然后在代码页里将状态，事件添加进去，同时在PBO里面添加一个MODULE，用于载入ALV报表：
5、回到SE38里面打开新建的程序，添加一个INCLUDE ZALV_OO 程序，将与ALV有关的代码放进去封装起来，这样以后所有的程序都可以调用：
INCLUDE ZALV_OO.
相关代码如下：
*ALV变量设定
DATA GR_ALVGRID TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_ALV_GRID .
DATA GC_CUSTOM_CONTROL_NAME TYPE SCRFNAME VALUE 'CC_ALV'. "对应我们画的控制区的名称
DATA GR_CCONTAINER TYPE REF TO CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER .
*---栏位
DATA GT_FIELDCAT TYPE LVC_T_FCAT .
*---布局
DATA GS_LAYOUT TYPE LVC_S_LAYO .
*个人定义的变量
DATA: SET_COLOR TYPE I,
DECI_COUNT TYPE P,
CHR_COUNT(8) TYPE C,
TITLE(50) TYPE C,
ALL_FIELD TYPE I,
ALL_FIELD1 TYPE I,
LV_INDEX TYPE I,
TABIX LIKE SY-TABIX,
TMP_TITLE TYPE STRING.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form display_alv
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 显示ALV报表
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM DISPLAY_ALV USING IT_TABLE TYPE TABLE.
IF GR_ALVGRID IS INITIAL .
*----新建容器，填充到我们画的控制区域
CREATE OBJECT GR_CCONTAINER
EXPORTING
CONTAINER_NAME = GC_CUSTOM_CONTROL_NAME "这个地方前面已经赋值了
EXCEPTIONS
CNTL_ERROR = 1
CNTL_SYSTEM_ERROR = 2
CREATE_ERROR = 3
LIFETIME_ERROR = 4
LIFETIME_DYNPRO_DYNPRO_LINK = 5
OTHERS = 6.
IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
*----容器新建成功，然后在此容器里面新建ALV的实例
CREATE OBJECT GR_ALVGRID
EXPORTING
I_PARENT = GR_CCONTAINER
EXCEPTIONS
ERROR_CNTL_CREATE = 1
ERROR_CNTL_INIT = 2
ERROR_CNTL_LINK = 3
ERROR_DP_CREATE = 4
OTHERS = 5.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
ENDIF.
*----准备获取栏位列表
PERFORM SETFIELDS.
"*-----设置布局
PERFORM PREPARE_LAYOUT CHANGING GS_LAYOUT .
*准备完毕，显示ALV
CALL METHOD GR_ALVGRID->SET_TABLE_FOR_FIRST_DISPLAY
EXPORTING
* I_BUFFER_ACTIVE =
* I_CONSISTENCY_CHECK =
* I_STRUCTURE_NAME =
* IS_VARIANT =
* I_SAVE =
* I_DEFAULT = 'X'
IS_LAYOUT = GS_LAYOUT
* IS_PRINT =
* IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS =
* IT_TOOLBAR_EXCLUDING =
* IT_HYPERLINK =
CHANGING
IT_OUTTAB = IT_TABLE[] "设置成自己的内表
IT_FIELDCATALOG = GT_FIELDCAT
* IT_SORT =
* IT_FILTER =
EXCEPTIONS
INVALID_PARAMETER_COMBINATION = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
TOO_MANY_LINES = 3
OTHERS = 4 .
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
ENDIF.
*刷新ALV
CALL METHOD GR_ALVGRID->REFRESH_TABLE_DISPLAY
* EXPORTING
* IS_STABLE =
* I_SOFT_REFRESH =
EXCEPTIONS
FINISHED = 1
OTHERS = 2 .
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
*--Exception handling
ENDIF.
ENDIF .
ENDIF.
*状态栏里面显示本报表名称和记录等信息
CHR_COUNT = DECI_COUNT.
CONDENSE CHR_COUNT.
CONCATENATE TMP_TITLE '，共' CHR_COUNT '笔记录' INTO TITLE.
MESSAGE TITLE TYPE 'S'.
ENDFORM . "display_alv
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form prepare_layout
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* ALV属性，具体属性意义请参考LVC_S_LAYO
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* -->PS_LAYOUT text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM PREPARE_LAYOUT CHANGING PS_LAYOUT TYPE LVC_S_LAYO.
PS_LAYOUT-ZEBRA = 'X' .
PS_LAYOUT-GRID_TITLE = TITLE .
PS_LAYOUT-SMALLTITLE = 'X' .
PS_LAYOUT-SEL_MODE = 'A'.
PS_LAYOUT-INFO_FNAME = 'COLOR'.
PS_LAYOUT-CWIDTH_OPT = 'X'.
PS_LAYOUT-DETAILINIT = 'X'.
ENDFORM. " prepare_layout
*设置ALV表栏位的宏
DEFINE DSETFIELDS.
DATA LS_FCAT TYPE LVC_S_FCAT .
LS_FCAT-FIELDNAME = &1.
LS_FCAT-INTTYPE = 'C' .
LS_FCAT-OUTPUTLEN = &3.
LS_FCAT-COLTEXT = &2.
LS_FCAT-SELTEXT = &2.
APPEND LS_FCAT TO GT_FIELDCAT .
END-OF-DEFINITION.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& FORM SETFIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 调用宏设置栏位
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM SETFIELD USING TMP_FIELD TYPE C
TMP_NAME TYPE C
TMP_LENGTH TYPE I.
DSETFIELDS TMP_FIELD TMP_NAME TMP_LENGTH.
ENDFORM. "SETFIELDS
6、设定完INCLUDE之后，在主程序里面新建一个内表：
TABLES:SFLIGHT.
DATA:BEGIN OF IT_SFLIGHT OCCURS 0,
CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,
CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID,
FLDATE LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE,
PRICE LIKE SFLIGHT-PRICE,
COLOR(4) TYPE C,
END OF IT_SFLIGHT.
START-OF-SELECTION.
PERFORM GETDATA. "读取数据
CALL SCREEN 100. "呼叫屏幕
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form SETFIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 设置栏位
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM SETFIELDS.
PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'CARRID' '航线承运人ID' 3.
PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'CONNID' '航班连接 Id' 4.
PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'FLDATE' '航班日期' 8.
PERFORM SETFIELD USING 'PRICE' '航空运费' 15.
ENDFORM. "SETFIELDS
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Module DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 在PBO里面传入内表内容以ALV展现
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
MODULE DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT.
PERFORM DISPLAY_ALV USING IT_SFLIGHT[].
ENDMODULE. " DISPLAY_ALV OUTPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form GETDATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* 读取数据
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM GETDATA .
DATA:SET_COLOR TYPE I.
SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE IT_SFLIGHT FROM SFLIGHT
WHERE CARRID IN S_CARRID
AND CONNID IN S_CONNID
AND FLDATE IN S_FLDATE
AND PRICE IN S_PRICE.
DESCRIBE TABLE IT_SFLIGHT LINES DECI_COUNT. "获取记录数
LOOP AT IT_SFLIGHT.
SET_COLOR = SY-TABIX MOD 2.
IF SET_COLOR = 0.
IT_SFLIGHT-COLOR = 'C500'. "设置颜色
ELSE.
CLEAR IT_SFLIGHT-COLOR.
ENDIF.
MODIFY IT_SFLIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
TMP_TITLE = 'ALV面向对象测试'. "报表名称
ENDFORM. " GETDATA
7、OK，一切完毕之后激活，运行：
如此，ALV就实现了。接下来我们来分析一下它的性能：
8、输入SE30：
点击Execute，系统会跑一次报表，退出之后，点击下面的Evaluate：
很直观可以看出该报表之行的情况。如果跟调用function：REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY 对比起来就会发现用OO的形式来做性能会更好的。