下面为数据库实验的一些报告（oracle）（第四—六周）
可直接下载资源：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_42785226/14622190
这些报告每次大概是一节课的时间，由于课程原因，很多内容都简化了，知识内容也可能相对片面一些，并不全面，只作练习参考使用。
csdn不允许文字长度过长，这里没办法只好拆成三份。
数据库实验报告
5、 列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息，同时列出那些没有员工的部门 10
6、列出所有“CLERK”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称。 11
8、列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名，假定不知道销售部的部门编号。 12
11、列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。 13
12、 列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。 13
17、列出各个部门的MANAGER(经理)的最低薪金。 17
Dual操作（DESC，查询内容，日期（格式），作计算器等）： 18
Dual查询user、日期（带特定格式）、生成随机数： 24
定义（declare）（常量、变量）、赋值（:=）操作练习： 24
IF、 ELSIF、 ENDIF练习（注意为：ELSIF）： 25
导入表：SQL> $imp system/test tables=(xs,kc,xs_kc) file=c:xskc.dmp; 27
黑屏下查询归档文件信息：SQL> conn /as sysdba; SQL> ArCHIVE Log list; 28
查询表信息：SQL> select * from cat; 28
查询用户信息：SQL> select * from dba_users; 33
查询数据文件信息dba_data_files:select * from dba_data_files; 36
查询归档文件信息：select name,log_mode from v$database; 38
查询控制文件信息：select * from v$controlfile; 38
查询日志文件信息：select * from v$log; 38
按组添加日志文件LOGFILE并作出相关查询：ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 4('log1a.rdo','log2a.rdo')size 5000k; 39
按成员MEMBER添加日志文件LOGFILE到组GROUP并作出相关查询：ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER 'log3a.log' TO Group 4; 40
按成员删除日志文件：ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER 'log3a.log'; 40
按组删除日志文件：ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE Group 4; 41
查询数据块大小：SHOW PARAMETER db_block_size; 42
查询用户分区信息：select * from user_extents; 42
ARCHIVE LOG LIST;黑屏模式下进行归档模式查询 42
SQL> SELECT name,log_mode FROM v$database; 43
以下四步将数据库从非归档模式转化为归档模式（黑屏下）： 43
4.嵌入到PL/SQL程序语句（如赋值语句）的case 47
select to_char(months_between(sysdate,to_date('20151001','yyyymmdd'))) from dual; 50
select trunc(sysdate-to_date('20181001','yyyymmdd'))天数 from dual; 50
/*嵌入到pl/sql程序语句（如赋值语句）的case*/ 50
SQL> select * from part_book1; 58
SQL> select * from part_book1 partition(part1); 58
SQL> select * from part_book1 partition(part2); 58
SQL>select * from dba_part_tables; 58
SQL> select * from dba_part_tables where table_name='PART_BOOK1'; 59
SQL> Alter table part_book1 add partition part4 values('北京邮电出版社') tablespace system; 60
查询图书是否过期及应缴金额（select--case查询） 60
循环练习——exit when+for逆序循环（for count in reserve count_1..count_10） 61
利用游标WHILE循环统计并输出scott.emp表各个部门的平均工资， 若平均工资大于2000,则输出“该部门平均工资较高。” 81
带update的游标，loop EXIT WHEN -end loop;Scott.emp表，利用游标，给工资低于1200 的员工增加工资50。并输出“编码为’员工编码号’的工资已经更新” 83
修改emp表的工资，工资不足1000的，调整为1500，工资高于1000的，调整为原来工资的1.5倍，调整后，若工资〉10000，则设其为10000。 86
将对xs表的操作记录（insert，delete，update）在sql_info表中记录下来： 92
创建一个触发器，输出对scott.emp表的操作（插入后员工号和员工名，更新后员工工资，删除的员工号和员工名。）： 93
当执行插入操作时，统计操作后员工人数；当执行更新工资操作时，统计更新后员工平均工资；当执行删除操作时，统计删除后各个部门剩余的人数(游标)： 94
创建一个存储过程，以部门号为该存储过程的in类型参数，查询该部门的平均工资，并输出该部门中比平均工资高的员工号、员工名。(for 循环遍历 游标)： 95
用存储过程进行模糊查找，如查找ename中包含L的雇员信息： 96
创建logoff触发器，在退出登录的时候进行记录（注意此时的触发器时间上不要采用after，因为采用after客户机注销进程终止，不能进行其他操作）: 105
设置触发器：作用为禁止在休息日（周六、周天）改变scott.emp雇员信息（包括添加删除和修改）。 107
数据库实验第四周
一、准备工作：
电脑上安装的oracle版本为12c企业版和第三方工具PL/SQL Develop，12c似乎没有支持scott用户（但是安装目录下面确实存在scott.sql，有些疑惑），执行conn scott/tiger验证失败，经验证并非是加锁原因（alert user scott account unlock;），而是不存在该用户，管理员查询scott.emp，也查询不到表，执行@H:Oracleoracleproduct12.2.0dbhome_1 dbmsadminscott.sql导入命令也没有成功，于是重新建立c##scott用户（这里建立公共用户，12c版本之后要在公共用户之后添加C##或者c##），在该用户下建立新的数据表。
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 9月 27 09:13:38 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
已连接。
SQL> CREATE USER scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger ;
CREATE USER scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-65096: 公用用户名或角色名无效
SQL> CREATE USER c##scott IDENTIFIED BY tiger ;
用户已创建。
SQL> GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO c##scott CONTAINER=ALL ;
授权成功。
SQL> ALTER USER c##scott DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS;
用户已更改。
SQL> ALTER USER c##scott TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP;
用户已更改。
登录scott用户将H:Oracleoracleproduct12.2.0dbhome_1 dbmsadminscott.sql下的sql语句放到SQLDevelop下执行一遍，成功获取数据：
- 实验阶段（SQL题目练习）：
Connected to Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0
Connected as system@ORCL
SQL> show user;
User is "SYSTEM"
SQL> select * from C##scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 0087/5/23 1100.00 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
14 rows selected
SQL> conn C##scott/tiger
SQL>
SQL> conn C##scott/tiger
Connected to Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0
Connected as C##scott
SQL> select * from emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 0087/5/23 1100.00 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
14 rows selected
SQL> select deptno, count(*) from emp group by DEPTNO having count(*) >1;
DEPTNO COUNT(*)
------ ----------
30 6
20 5
10 3
SQL> select * from emp where SAL > (select SAL from emp where ename='SMITH');
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 0087/5/23 1100.00 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
13 rows selected
SQL> select e0.ENAME, e1.ename from emp e0,emp e1 where e0.MGR=e1.empno;
ENAME ENAME
---------- ----------
FORD JONES
SCOTT JONES
TURNER BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
WARD BLAKE
JAMES BLAKE
MARTIN BLAKE
MILLER CLARK
ADAMS SCOTT
BLAKE KING
JONES KING
CLARK KING
SMITH FORD
13 rows selected
分析：上述早于即小于（时间）
用（+）来实现， 这个+号可以这样来理解： + 表示补充，即哪个表有加号，这个表就是匹配表。如果加号写在右表，左表就是全部显示，所以是左连接。
这里以e0为员工，e1为其直接上级：
SQL> select e0.*,e1.* from emp e0,emp e1 where e0.mgr=e1.empno(+) and e0.hiredate<e1.hiredate;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------ ----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30 7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10 7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
7 rows selected
分析：同时列出那些没有员工的部门，即列出所有部门，我们采用左外连接：
SQL> select d.dname,e.* from dept d,emp e where d.deptno=e.deptno(+);
DNAME EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
-------------- ----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
ACCOUNTING 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
ACCOUNTING 7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
ACCOUNTING 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982/1/23 1300.00 10
RESEARCH 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
RESEARCH 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
RESEARCH 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 0087/5/23 1100.00 20
RESEARCH 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980/12/17 800.00 20
RESEARCH 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
SALES 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
SALES 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
SALES 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
SALES 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
SALES 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
SALES 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
OPERATIONS
15 rows selected
SQL> select e.ename, d.dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno where job = 'CLERK';
ENAME DNAME
---------- --------------
MILLER ACCOUNTING
SMITH RESEARCH
ADAMS RESEARCH
JAMES SALES
上述采用的是外连接，也可以采用多表查询等方式：
select ename,dname from emp, dept where emp.job='CLERK' and emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
SQL> select job from emp group by job having min(sal) > 1500;
JOB
---------
PRESIDENT
MANAGER
ANALYST
8、列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名，假定不知道销售部的部门编号。
SQL> select e.ename from emp e, dept d where d.dname = 'SALES' and e.deptno(+) = d.deptno;
ENAME
----------
WARD
TURNER
ALLEN
JAMES
BLAKE
MARTIN
6 rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where sal > (select avg(sal) from emp);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981/6/9 2450.00 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
6 rows selected
SQL> select * from emp where job = (select job from emp where ename = 'SCOTT');
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
11、列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。
SQL> select * from emp where sal in (select sal from emp where deptno = 30);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/20 1600.00 300.00 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981/2/22 1250.00 500.00 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/28 1250.00 1400.00 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981/5/1 2850.00 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981/9/8 1500.00 0.00 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981/12/3 950.00 30
6 rows selected
方式一：
SQL> select * from emp where sal > all (select sal from emp where deptno = 30);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
方式二：
上述实现也可以采用如下方式（首先获取部门为30的最高工资（利用desc降序排列和rownum获取最高工资））：
SQL> select * from emp where sal >
2 (select sal from
3 (select sal from emp where deptno=30 order by sal desc)
4 where rownum<=1);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981/4/2 2975.00 20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 0087/4/19 3000.00 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981/11/17 5000.00 10
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981/12/3 3000.00 20
（注意：ASC是升序排列，在rownum那里要进行嵌套查询，order by要写到where子句之后，否则会报ORA-00933: SQL 命令未正确结束错误，group by也要写到where子句之后）：
SQL GROUP BY 语法
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
例如：
SQL> select sal,deptno from emp
2 order by sal desc
3 where deptno=30
4 ;
select sal,deptno from emp
order by sal desc
where deptno=30
ORA-00933: SQL 命令未正确结束
SQL> select count(empno) 人数, avg(sal) 平均5261工资4102, avg(EXTRACT(year FROM sysdate) - EXTRACT(year FROM emp.hiredate)) 平均雇佣期限1653 from dual, emp group by deptno;
人数 平均5261工资4102 平均雇佣期限1653
---------- ------------ ----------
6 1566.6666666 39
5 2175 796.8
3 2916.6666666 38.6666666
SQL> select e.ename, d.dname, e.sal from emp e, scott.dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno(+);
select e.ename, d.dname, e.sal from emp e, scott.dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno(+)
ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在
上述rownum是oracle中的top子句（取前number行数据）：
top子句：
SQLServer用法：
SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name
例（percent百分数）：
SELECT TOP 2 * FROM Persons
从上面的 "Persons" 表中选取 50% 的记录：
SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM Persons
MySQL 和 Oracle 中的 SQL SELECT TOP 是等价的：
MySQL 语法：
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
LIMIT number
Oracle 语法：
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE ROWNUM <= number
例（MySQL（limit））：
Oracle为rownum，这里不再多说。
需要注意的一点就是这几个top子句都是符合不同数据库的语法，不能混用：
例（在oracle中使用mysql中的limit top子句则行不通）：
同时在oracle中和mysql中使用SqlServer中的top子句也不行。
SQL> select e.ename, d.dname, e.sal from emp e, dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno(+);
ENAME DNAME SAL
---------- -------------- ---------
CLARK ACCOUNTING 2450.00
KING ACCOUNTING 5000.00
MILLER ACCOUNTING 1300.00
SMITH RESEARCH 800.00
JONES RESEARCH 2975.00
SCOTT RESEARCH 3000.00
ADAMS RESEARCH 1100.00
FORD RESEARCH 3000.00
ALLEN SALES 1600.00
WARD SALES 1250.00
MARTIN SALES 1250.00
BLAKE SALES 2850.00
TURNER SALES 1500.00
JAMES SALES 950.00
14 rows selected
SQL> select d.*, t.count from dept d, (select deptno, count(empno) count from emp group by deptno) t where d.deptno = t.deptno(+);
DEPTNO DNAME LOC COUNT
------ -------------- ------------- ----------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 3
20 RESEARCH DALLAS 5
30 SALES CHICAGO 6
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select job, min(sal) from emp group by job;
JOB MIN(SAL)
--------- ----------
CLERK 800
SALESMAN 1250
PRESIDENT 5000
MANAGER 2450
ANALYST 3000
SQL> select deptno, min(sal) from emp where job = 'MANAGER' group by deptno;
DEPTNO MIN(SAL)
------ ----------
30 2850
20 2975
10 2450
数据库实验第五周
Dual操作（DESC，查询内容，日期（格式），作计算器等）：
SQL> SELECT * FROM DUAL;
DUMMY
-----
X
SQL> SELECT 1+1 FROM DUAL;
1+1
----------
2
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE
-----------
2020/10/2 1
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DY')FROM DUAL;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DY')
---------------------
星期五
SQL> DESC DUAL;
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
----- ----------- -------- ------- --------
DUMMY VARCHAR2(1) Y
SQL> SELECT &a1+1 FROM DUAL;
1+1
----------
2
SQL> SELECT &a1+1 FROM DUAL;
2+1
----------
3
SQL> SELECT &&a1+1 FROM DUAL;
5+1
----------
6
SQL> SELECT &a1+1 FROM DUAL;
5+1
----------
6
SQL> select * from xs;
XH XM ZYM XB CSSJ ZXF BZ
------ ------ ------ -- ----------- --- --------------------
061101 王林 计算机 男 1986/2/10 50
101112 李明 计算机 男 1986/1/30 36
001 张琼 计算机 45 三好学生
121112 王小二 计算机 男 1986/1/30 36
SQL> select * from kc;
KCH KCM KKXQ XS XF
--- ---------------- ---- --- --
001 001 1 11 1
001 001 1 11 1
SQL> select * from xs_kc;
XH KCH CJ XF
------ ------ --------------------------------------- ---
061101 101 80
061101 102 78
061101 206 76
061103 101 82
061103 102 82
061103 206 83
061104 101 90
061107 101 98
061107 102 80
9 rows selected
SQL> SET ServerOutput ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 /*定义变量类型,注意:=*/
3 v_xm varchar2(8):='Jame';
4 v_zym varchar2(10):='计算机';
5 v_zxf number(2):=45;
6 BEGIN
7 UPDATE XS SET zxf=v_zxf WHERE xm=v_xm;
8 IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN --SQL%NOTFOUND用于判断update是否执行成功执行成功则sql found即SQL%NOTFOUND返回false，反之即执行失败返回true
9 dbms_output.put_line('没有该人，需要插入该人');
10 INSERT INTO XS(XH,XM,ZYM,ZXF)VALUES('007',v_xm,v_zym,v_zxf);
11 END IF;
12 END;
13 /
没有该人，需要插入该人
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> DECLARE
2 /*定义变量类型,注意:=*/
3 v_xm varchar2(8):='Jame';
4 v_zym varchar2(10):='计算机';
5 v_zxf number(2):=45;
6 BEGIN
7 UPDATE XS SET zxf=v_zxf WHERE xm=v_xm;
8 IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN --SQL%NOTFOUND用于判断update是否执行成功执行成功则sql found即SQL%NOTFOUND返回false，反之即执行失败返回true
9 dbms_output.put_line('没有该人，需要插入该人');
10 INSERT INTO XS(XH,XM,ZYM,ZXF)VALUES('007',v_xm,v_zym,v_zxf);
11 END IF;
12 END;
13 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> SELECT * FROM XS;
XH XM ZYM XB CSSJ ZXF BZ
------ ------ ------ -- ----------- --- --------------------
007 Jame 计算机 45
061101 王林 计算机 男 1986/2/10 50
101112 李明 计算机 男 1986/1/30 36
001 张琼 计算机 45 三好学生
121112 王小二 计算机 男 1986/1/30 36
SQL> SET ServerOutput ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 row_id ROWID;
3 info VARCHAR2(100);
4 BEGIN
5 UPDATE scott.dept SET deptno=90 WHERE DNAME='RESEARCH'
6 RETURNING rowid,dname||':'||to_char(deptno)||':'||loc
7 INTO row_id,info;
8 dbms_output.put_line('ROWID:'||row_id);
9 dbms_output.put_line(info);
10 END;
11 /
ROWID:AAAMgxAAEAAAAAQAAB
RESEARCH:90:DALLAS
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> SET ServerOutput ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 --row_id ROWID;
3 info VARCHAR2(100);
4 BEGIN
5 UPDATE scott.dept SET deptno=90 WHERE DNAME='RESEARCH'
6 RETURNING dname||':'||to_char(deptno)||':'||loc
7 INTO info;
8 --dbms_output.put_line('ROWID:'||row_id);
9 dbms_output.put_line(info);
10 END;
11 /
RESEARCH:90:DALLAS
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> SET ServerOutput ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 one_emp scott.emp%rowtype;
3 BEGIN
4 select * into one_emp from scott.emp where empno=7900;
5 dbms_output.put_line('该员工的职位为：'||one_emp.job);
6 dbms_output.put_line('该员工的工资为：'||one_emp.sal);
7 END;
8 /
该员工的职位为：CLERK
该员工的工资为：950
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> SET ServerOutput ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 emp_number constant number(4):=7900;
3 emp_name scott.emp.ename%type;
4 emp_job scott.emp.job%type;
5 emp_sal scott.emp.sal%type;
6 BEGIN
7 select ename,job,sal into emp_name,emp_job,emp_sal from scott.emp where empno=emp_number;
8 dbms_output.put_line('查询的员工号为：'||emp_number);
9 dbms_output.put_line('该员工的姓名为：'||emp_name);
10 dbms_output.put_line('该员工的职位为：'||emp_job);
11 dbms_output.put_line('该员工的工资为：'||emp_sal);
12 END;
13 /
查询的员工号为：7900
该员工的姓名为：JAMES
该员工的职位为：CLERK
该员工的工资为：950
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL> show user;
User is "SYSTEM"
SQL> select xh xuehao,xm from xs;
XUEHAO XM
------ ------
SQL> select user from dual;
USER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS')
---------------------------------------
2020-10-03 21:55:35
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'MM-DDHH24:MI:SS')
----------------------------------
10-03 21:56:06
SQL> select dbms_random.random from dual;
RANDOM
----------
-496286255
SQL> select dbms_random.random from dual;
RANDOM
----------
1745332824
定义（declare）（常量、变量）、赋值（:=）操作练习：
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 conVersion constant VARCHAR2(20) := '1.0.0.1';
3 BEGIN
4 dbms_output.put_line(conVersion);
5 END;
6 /
1.0.0.1
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 Database VARCHAR2(50) := 'Oracle 11g';
3 BEGIN
4 dbms_output.put_line(Database);
5 END;
6 /
Oracle 11g
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 Database VARCHAR2(50);
3 BEGIN
4 Database:= 'Oracle 11g';
5 dbms_output.put_line(Database);
6 END;
7 /
Oracle 11g
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
IF、 ELSIF、 ENDIF练习（注意为：ELSIF）：
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 Num INTEGER :=- 11;
3 BEGIN
4 IF Num <0 THEN
5 dbms_output.put_line('负数');
6 ELSIF Num > 0 THEN
7 dbms_output.put_line('正数');
8 ELSE
9 dbms_output.put_line('0');
10 END IF;
11 END;
12 /
负数
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 varDAY INTEGER := 3;
3 Result VARCHAR2(20);
4 BEGIN
5 Result := CASE varDAY
6 WHEN 1 THEN '星期一'
7 WHEN 2 THEN '星期二'
8 WHEN 3 THEN '星期三'
9 WHEN 4 THEN '星期四'
10 WHEN 5 THEN '星期五'
11 WHEN 6 THEN '星期六'
12 WHEN 7 THEN '星期七'
13 ELSE '数据越界'
14 END;
15 dbms_output.put_line(Result);
16 END;
17 /
星期三
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
循环语句（LOOP——EXIT;）练习：
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
SQL> DECLARE
2 v_Num INTEGER := 1;
3 v_Sum INTEGER := 0;
4 BEGIN
5 LOOP
6 v_Sum := v_Sum + v_Num;
7 dbms_output.put_line(v_Num);
8 IF v_Num = 3 THEN
9 EXIT;
10 END IF;
11 dbms_output.put_line('+');
12 v_Num := v_Num+1;
13 END LOOP;
14 dbms_output.put_line('=');
15 dbms_output.put_line(v_Sum);
16 END;
17 /
1
+
2
+
3
=
6
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
数据库实验第六周
导入表：SQL> $imp system/test tables=(xs,kc,xs_kc) file=c:xskc.dmp;
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期五 10月 9 16:04:33 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> $imp system/test tables=(xs,kc,xs_kc) file=c:xskc.dmp;
Import: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期五 10月 9 16:06:14 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
经由常规路径由 EXPORT:V10.02.01 创建的导出文件
已经完成 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集中的导入
. 正在将 SYSTEM 的对象导入到 SYSTEM
. 正在将 SYSTEM 的对象导入到 SYSTEM
. . 正在导入表 "XS"导入了 4 行
. . 正在导入表 "KC"导入了 2 行
. . 正在导入表 "XS_KC"导入了 9 行
IMP-00017: 由于 ORACLE 错误 1502, 以下语句失败:
"ANALYZE TABLE "XS" ESTIMATE STATISTICS "
IMP-00003: 遇到 ORACLE 错误 1502
ORA-01502: 索引 'SYSTEM.XM_IDX' 或这类索引的分区处于不可用状态
成功终止导入, 但出现警告。
SQL>
黑屏下查询归档文件信息：SQL> conn /as sysdba; SQL> ArCHIVE Log list;
SQL> ArCHIVE Log list;
ORA-01031: 权限不足
SQL> conn /as sysdba;
已连接。
SQL> archive log list;
数据库日志模式 非存档模式
自动存档 禁用
存档终点 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
最早的联机日志序列 8
当前日志序列 10
查询表信息：SQL> select * from cat;
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
SYSCATALOG SYNONYM
CATALOG SYNONYM
TAB SYNONYM
COL SYNONYM
TABQUOTAS SYNONYM
SYSFILES SYNONYM
PUBLICSYN SYNONYM
MVIEW$_ADV_WORKLOAD TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_BASETABLE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_SQLDEPEND TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PRETTY TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_TEMP TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FILTER TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_LOG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FILTERINSTANCE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_LEVEL TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_ROLLUP TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_AJG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_FJG TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_GC TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
MVIEW$_ADV_CLIQUE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_ELIGIBLE TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_OUTPUT TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_EXCEPTIONS TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PARAMETERS TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_INFO TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_JOURNAL TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PLAN TABLE
MVIEW$_ADVSEQ_GENERIC SEQUENCE
MVIEW$_ADVSEQ_ID SEQUENCE
MVIEW_WORKLOAD VIEW
MVIEW_FILTER VIEW
MVIEW_LOG VIEW
MVIEW_FILTERINSTANCE VIEW
MVIEW_RECOMMENDATIONS VIEW
MVIEW_EVALUATIONS VIEW
MVIEW_EXCEPTIONS VIEW
AQ$_QUEUE_TABLES TABLE
AQ$_QUEUES TABLE
AQ$_SCHEDULES TABLE
AQ$_INTERNET_AGENTS TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
AQ$_INTERNET_AGENT_PRIVS TABLE
DEF$_AQCALL TABLE
DEF$_AQERROR TABLE
AQ$_DEF$_AQCALL_F VIEW
AQ$DEF$_AQCALL VIEW
AQ$_DEF$_AQERROR_F VIEW
AQ$DEF$_AQERROR VIEW
DEF$_ERROR TABLE
DEF$_DESTINATION TABLE
DEF$_CALLDEST TABLE
DEF$_DEFAULTDEST TABLE
DEF$_LOB TABLE
DEF$_TEMP$LOB TABLE
DEF$_PROPAGATOR TABLE
DEF$_ORIGIN TABLE
DEF$_PUSHED_TRANSACTIONS TABLE
OL$ TABLE
OL$HINTS TABLE
OL$NODES TABLE
LOGMNR_SESSION_EVOLVE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_EVOLVE_SEQ$ SEQUENCE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
LOGMNR_SEQ$ SEQUENCE
LOGMNR_HEADER1$ TABLE
LOGMNR_HEADER2$ TABLE
LOGMNR_UIDS$ SEQUENCE
LOGMNR_UID$ TABLE
LOGMNRC_DBNAME_UID_MAP TABLE
LOGMNR_DICTSTATE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_DICTIONARY$ TABLE
LOGMNR_OBJ$ TABLE
LOGMNR_USER$ TABLE
LOGMNRC_GTLO TABLE
LOGMNRC_GTCS TABLE
LOGMNRC_GSII TABLE
LOGMNR_TAB$ TABLE
LOGMNR_COL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ATTRCOL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TS$ TABLE
LOGMNR_IND$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TABPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TABSUBPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_TABCOMPART$ TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
LOGMNR_TYPE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_COLTYPE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ATTRIBUTE$ TABLE
LOGMNR_LOB$ TABLE
LOGMNR_CDEF$ TABLE
LOGMNR_CCOL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ICOL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_LOBFRAG$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INDPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INDSUBPART$ TABLE
LOGMNR_INDCOMPART$ TABLE
LOGMNRP_CTAS_PART_MAP TABLE
LOGMNRT_MDDL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_LOG$ TABLE
LOGMNR_PROCESSED_LOG$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SPILL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_AGE_SPILL$ TABLE
LOGMNR_RESTART_CKPT_TXINFO$ TABLE
LOGMNR_ERROR$ TABLE
LOGMNR_RESTART_CKPT$ TABLE
LOGMNR_FILTER$ TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
LOGMNR_PARAMETER$ TABLE
LOGMNR_SESSION$ TABLE
LOGSTDBY$PARAMETERS TABLE
LOGSTDBY$EVENTS TABLE
LOGSTDBY$APPLY_PROGRESS TABLE
LOGSTDBY$APPLY_MILESTONE TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SCN TABLE
LOGSTDBY$PLSQL TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SKIP_TRANSACTION TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SKIP TABLE
LOGSTDBY$SKIP_SUPPORT TABLE
LOGSTDBY$HISTORY TABLE
REPCAT$_REPCAT TABLE
REPCAT$_FLAVORS TABLE
REPCAT$_FLAVORS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_FLAVOR_NAME_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_REPSCHEMA TABLE
REPCAT$_SNAPGROUP TABLE
REPCAT$_REPOBJECT TABLE
REPCAT$_REPCOLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_KEY_COLUMNS TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
REPCAT$_GENERATED TABLE
REPCAT$_REPPROP TABLE
REPCAT$_REPPROP_KEY SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_REPCATLOG TABLE
REPCAT$_DDL TABLE
REPCAT$_REPGROUP_PRIVS TABLE
REPCAT_LOG_SEQUENCE SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_PRIORITY_GROUP TABLE
REPCAT$_PRIORITY TABLE
REPCAT$_COLUMN_GROUP TABLE
REPCAT$_GROUPED_COLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_CONFLICT TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOLUTION_METHOD TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOLUTION TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOLUTION_STATISTICS TABLE
REPCAT$_RESOL_STATS_CONTROL TABLE
REPCAT$_PARAMETER_COLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_AUDIT_ATTRIBUTE TABLE
REPCAT$_AUDIT_COLUMN TABLE
REPCAT$_FLAVOR_OBJECTS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_STATUS TABLE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_TYPES TABLE
REPCAT$_REFRESH_TEMPLATES TABLE
REPCAT$_REFRESH_TEMPLATES_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_USER_AUTHORIZATIONS TABLE
REPCAT$_USER_AUTHORIZATIONS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_OBJECT_TYPES TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_REFGROUPS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_REFGROUPS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_OBJECTS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_OBJECTS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_PARMS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_PARMS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_OBJECT_PARMS TABLE
REPCAT$_USER_PARM_VALUES TABLE
REPCAT$_USER_PARM_VALUES_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_SITES TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_SITES_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_SITE_OBJECTS TABLE
REPCAT$_TEMP_OUTPUT_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_RUNTIME_PARMS TABLE
REPCAT$_RUNTIME_PARMS_S SEQUENCE
TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE
------------------------------ -----------
REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_TARGETS TABLE
TEMPLATE$_TARGETS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_EXCEPTIONS TABLE
REPCAT$_EXCEPTIONS_S SEQUENCE
REPCAT$_INSTANTIATION_DDL TABLE
REPCAT$_EXTENSION TABLE
REPCAT$_SITES_NEW TABLE
SQLPLUS_PRODUCT_PROFILE TABLE
PRODUCT_PRIVS VIEW
PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE SYNONYM
HELP TABLE
XS TABLE
KC TABLE
XS_KC TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_INDEX TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_PARTITION TABLE
MVIEW$_ADV_OWB TABLE
184 rows selected
查询用户信息：SQL> select * from dba_users;
USERNAME USER_ID PASSWORD ACCOUNT_STATUS LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DATE DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE CREATED PROFILE INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP EXTERNAL_NAME
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MGMT_VIEW 53 181DA128BC4A91E7 OPEN SYSTEM TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
SYS 0 D3CE9AB10E42F19D OPEN SYSTEM TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT SYS_GROUP
SYSTEM 5 9788807910D58ED9 OPEN SYSTEM TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT SYS_GROUP
DBSNMP 24 0344EFE44BA8E12C OPEN SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 MONITORING_PROFILE DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
SYSMAN 51 BCDEB078A5E81AC2 OPEN SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
SCOTT 54 F894844C34402B67 EXPIRED 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
OUTLN 11 4A3BA55E08595C81 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSTEM TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
MDSYS 46 72979A94BAD2AF80 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
ORDSYS 43 7EFA02EC7EA6B86F EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
EXFSYS 34 66F4EF5650C20355 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
DMSYS 35 BFBA5A553FD9E28A EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
WMSYS 25 7C9BA362F8314299 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
CTXSYS 36 71E687F036AD56E5 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
ANONYMOUS 39 anonymous EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
XDB 38 88D8364765FCE6AF EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
ORDPLUGINS 44 88A2B2C183431F00 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA 45 84B8CBCA4D477FA3 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
OLAPSYS 47 3FB8EF9DB538647C EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 SYSAUX TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
TSMSYS 21 3DF26A8B17D0F29F EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
BI 60 FA1D2B85B70213F3 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2020/9/6 11 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
USERNAME USER_ID PASSWORD ACCOUNT_STATUS LOCK_DATE EXPIRY_DATE DEFAULT_TABLESPACE TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE CREATED PROFILE INITIAL_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP EXTERNAL_NAME
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PM 59 72E382A52E89575A EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2020/9/6 11 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
MDDATA 50 DF02A496267DEE66 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
IX 57 2BE6F80744E08FEB EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2020/9/6 11 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
SH 58 9793B3777CD3BD1A EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2020/9/6 11 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
DIP 19 CE4A36B8E06CA59C EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2007/4/17 0 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
OE 56 9C30855E7E0CB02D EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2020/9/6 11 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
HR 55 6399F3B38EDF3288 EXPIRED & LOCKED 2020/9/6 11 2020/9/6 11 USERS TEMP 2020/9/6 11 DEFAULT DEFAULT_CONSUMER_GROUP
27 rows selected
查询数据文件信息dba_data_files:select * from dba_data_files;
SQL> select * from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES BLOCKS STATUS RELATIVE_FNO AUTOEXTENSIBLE MAXBYTES MAXBLOCKS INCREMENT_BY USER_BYTES USER_BLOCKS ONLINE_STATUS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- --------- ------------ -------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------- -------------
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLUSERS01.DBF 4 USERS 5242880 640 AVAILABLE 4 YES 3435972198 4194302 160 5177344 632 ONLINE
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLSYSAUX01.DBF 3 SYSAUX 262144000 32000 AVAILABLE 3 YES 3435972198 4194302 1280 262078464 31992 ONLINE
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLUNDOTBS01.DBF 2 UNDOTBS1 73400320 8960 AVAILABLE 2 YES 3435972198 4194302 640 73334784 8952 ONLINE
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLSYSTEM01.DBF 1 SYSTEM 503316480 61440 AVAILABLE 1 YES 3435972198 4194302 1280 503250944 61432 SYSTEM
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLEXAMPLE01.DBF 5 EXAMPLE 104857600 12800 AVAILABLE 5 YES 3435972198 4194302 80 104792064 12792 ONLINE
SQL> select * from v$datafile;
FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME TS# RFILE# STATUS ENABLED CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_TIME LAST_CHANGE# LAST_TIME OFFLINE_CHANGE# ONLINE_CHANGE# ONLINE_TIME BYTES BLOCKS CREATE_BYTES BLOCK_SIZE NAME PLUGGED_IN BLOCK1_OFFSET AUX_NAME FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME
---------- ---------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ------- ---------- ------------------ --------------- --------------------- ------------------ ------------ ----------- --------------- -------------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------
1 11 2007/4/17 03: 0 1 SYSTEM READ WRITE 730077 2020/10/9 15:56 0 521802 521803 2020/9/6 11 503316480 61440 0 8192 C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLSYSTEM01.DBF 0 8192 NONE 0
2 519918 2007/4/17 06: 1 2 ONLINE READ WRITE 730077 2020/10/9 15:56 0 521802 521803 2020/9/6 11 73400320 8960 0 8192 C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLUNDOTBS01.DBF 0 8192 NONE 0
3 5554 2007/4/17 03: 2 3 ONLINE READ WRITE 730077 2020/10/9 15:56 0 521802 521803 2020/9/6 11 262144000 32000 0 8192 C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLSYSAUX01.DBF 0 8192 NONE 0
4 9202 2007/4/17 03: 4 4 ONLINE READ WRITE 730077 2020/10/9 15:56 0 521802 521803 2020/9/6 11 5242880 640 0 8192 C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLUSERS01.DBF 0 8192 NONE 0
5 546520 2020/9/6 11:0 6 5 ONLINE READ WRITE 730077 2020/10/9 15:56 0 0 0 104857600 12800 104857600 8192 C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLEXAMPLE01.DBF 0 8192 NONE 0
查询归档文件信息：select name,log_mode from v$database;
SQL> select name,log_mode from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE
--------- ------------
ORCL NOARCHIVELOG
查询控制文件信息：select * from v$controlfile;
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
STATUS NAME IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------- --------------
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLCONTROL01.CTL NO 16384 430
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLCONTROL02.CTL NO 16384 430
C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLCONTROL03.CTL NO 16384 430
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARCHIVED STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ---------------- ------------- -----------
1 1 8 52428800 1 NO INACTIVE 661898 2020/9/11 0
2 1 9 52428800 1 NO INACTIVE 695903 2020/9/11 1
3 1 10 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 730076 2020/10/9 1
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
3 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO03.LOG NO
2 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO02.LOG NO
1 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO01.LOG NO
按组添加日志文件LOGFILE并作出相关查询：ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 4('log1a.rdo','log2a.rdo')size 5000k;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE GROUP 4('log1a.rdo','log2a.rdo')size 5000k;
Database altered
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
3 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO03.LOG NO
2 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO02.LOG NO
1 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO01.LOG NO
4 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG1A.RDO NO
4 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG2A.RDO NO
按成员MEMBER添加日志文件LOGFILE到组GROUP并作出相关查询：ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER 'log3a.log' TO Group 4;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER 'log3a.log' TO Group 4;
Database altered
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
3 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO03.LOG NO
2 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO02.LOG NO
1 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO01.LOG NO
4 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG1A.RDO NO
4 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG2A.RDO NO
4 INVALID ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG3A.LOG NO
6 rows selected
按成员删除日志文件：ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER 'log3a.log';
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE MEMBER 'log3a.log';
Database altered
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
3 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO03.LOG NO
2 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO02.LOG NO
1 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO01.LOG NO
4 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG1A.RDO NO
4 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0DB_1DATABASELOG2A.RDO NO
按组删除日志文件：ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE Group 4;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE Group 4;
Database altered
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE
---------- ------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
3 ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO03.LOG NO
2 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO02.LOG NO
1 STALE ONLINE C:ORACLEPRODUCT10.2.0ORADATAORCLREDO01.LOG NO
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE ts1
2 datafile 'c:ts1.dbf' size 5000K, 'c:ts2.dbf' size 1M;
Tablespace created