这篇博文会详细的介绍如何创建django工程，介绍我如何做了第一个网站。本文基于windows7安装了python2.7.12，Django1.8.18(LTS)版。采用的IDE为pycharm。建议安装Django的时候采用pip安装，因为可能自己电脑环境缺少哪个包的话，pip能给你安装完全。命令是
1 pip install django==1.8.18
本文的目的是建立一个小网站，能够在测试过程中随时记录所出现的bug，网站命名为Buglist，根据描述，便知道主要的用途就是和数据库交互，并且是在Linux服务器上部署，所以采用mysql数据库，并且还要记录是谁进行登陆，记录这些bug,所以要用django的后台管理页面。so，创建一个buglist工程吧。
让我们看看Django项目的结构：
1 |- buglist/ 2 |- manage.py 3 |- templates/ 4 |- buglist/ 5 |- __init__.py 6 |- settings.py 7 |- urls.py 8 |- wsgi.py
-
manage.py: 一个命令行交互文件，用于显示项目的运行情况，不用对这个文件做任何修改。
- templates/:用来存放静态文件，css,js,ico文件等等
- buglist/: 你项目的目录下包含着以下文件：
- __init__.py ： 空的Python文件，用来告诉Python将这个项目目录视为一个Python模块。
- settings.py ： 项目的配置和设置文件，用命令行生成的Django项目会自动生成默认配置。
- urls.py ： URL配置文件，每一行URL都对应一个相应的视图（view）
- uwsgi.py ： 配置您的项目，让它作为一个WSGI程序运行。
在工程中新建文件夹
此时需要在settings.py文件中修改几个地方，数据库
1 DATABASES = { 2 'default': { 3 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 4 'NAME': 'buglist', 5 'USER':'buglist', 6 'PASSWORD':'buglist', 7 'HOST':'', ----此处默认即为本地数据库 8 'PORT':'', -----此处默认即为mysql默认端口 9 } 10 }
时区及静态文件夹的设置
1 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' 2 3 4 STATIC_URL = '/static/' 5 STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static') 6 STATICFILES_DIRS = ('static/css', 7 'static/bootstrap', 8 'static/images', 9 'static/js', 10 )
创建一个app handle 可以采用tool --> Run manage.py Task 来创建或者采用python manage.py startapp handle来创建，不要忘记在settings.py中添加
1 INSTALLED_APPS = ( 2 'django.contrib.auth', 3 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 4 'django.contrib.sessions', 5 'django.contrib.messages', 6 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 7 'handle', 8 )
首先完成前段部分，login.html，采用POST的方式往后台传输数据，采用了boostrap，简单易用，并且采用了模板语言
1 <!Doctype html> 2 {% load staticfiles %} 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> 6 <meta name="description" content="BugList"> 7 <link rel="icon" href="{% static "images/favicon.ico" %}" type="image/x-icon"/> 8 <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "login.css" %}" type="text/css"/> 9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "css/bootstrap.min.css"%}" type="text/css"/> 10 <title>BugList</title> 11 </head> 12 <body> 13 <div class="container"> 14 <div class="row"> 15 <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-4"> 16 <div class="account-wall"> 17 <h1 class="text-center login-title">Sign in to continue</h1> 18 <form class="form-signin" method="POST" action="/login/"> 19 {% csrf_token %} 20 <input name="user" type="user" class="form-control" id="user" placeholder="Username" required autofocus> 21 <input name="password" type="password" class="form-control" id= 'password' placeholder="Password" required> 22 <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" id="">Sign in</button> 23 <p style="color: red;text-align: center;"> {{ loginstatus }} </p> 24 </form> 25 26 </div> 27 </div> 28 </div> 29 </div> 30 31 <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "jquery-3.2.0.min.js" %}" ></script> 32 <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "js/bootstrap.min.js" %}"></script> 33 </body> 34 </html>
web模板，采用模板语言的话就是扩展性比较好,layout.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 {% load staticfiles %} 3 <html lang="en"> 4 <head> 5 <meta charset="utf-8"> 6 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> 7 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 8 <meta name="description" content=""> 9 <meta name="author" content=""> 10 <link rel="icon" href="{% static "favicon.ico" %} " type="image/x-icon" /> 11 12 <title>BugList</title> 13 14 <!-- Bootstrap core CSS --> 15 <link href="{% static "css/bootstrap.min.css" %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> 16 <!-- Custom styles for this template --> 17 <link href="{% static "dashboard.css" %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> 18 <link href="{% static "custom.css" %}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> 19 {% block css %} 20 {% endblock %} 21 </head> 22 23 <body> 24 25 <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top"> 26 <div class="container-fluid"> 27 <div class="navbar-header"> 28 <div class="navbar-brand"><a style='text-decoration:none;' href="/">BugList</a></div> 29 </div> 30 <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> 31 <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> 32 <li class="dropdown"> 33 {% if user.is_active %} 34 <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" id="login_user">{{ user.username }}<span class="caret"></span></a> 35 <ul class="dropdown-menu"> 36 <li><a href="/logout/">logout</a></li> 37 </ul> 38 {% endif %} 39 </li> 40 </ul> 41 </div> 42 </div> 43 </nav> 44 45 <div class="container-fluid"> 46 <div class="row"> 47 <div class="col-sm-2 col-md-2 sidebar"> 48 <ul class="nav nav-sidebar" id="bar"> 49 <li ><a href="/overview/">Overview</a></li> 50 <li ><a href="/search/" >Search Errors</a></li> 51 <li ><a href="/record/" >Record Errors</a></li> 52 </ul> 53 </div> 54 <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main"> 55 {% block con %} 56 {% endblock %} 57 </div> 58 </div> 59 </div> 60 <script src="{% static "jquery-3.2.0.min.js" %}"></script> 61 <script src="{% static "js/bootstrap.min.js"%}"></script> 62 <script src="{% static "custom.js" %}"></script> 63 {% block js %} 64 {% endblock %} 65 </body> 66 </html>
登陆首页，index.html
1 {% extends "web/layout.html" %} 2 {% block con %} 3 <h1>Welcome to BugList Service</h1> 4 {% endblock %}
概览页面 overview.html
1 {% extends "web/layout.html" %} 2 {% block con %} 3 <h2 class="sub-header">Overviews</h2> 4 <div class="table-responsive"> 5 <table class="table table-striped"> 6 <thead> 7 <tr> 8 <th>numbers</th> 9 <th>title</th> 10 <th>auther</th> 11 <th>time</th> 12 </tr> 13 </thead> 14 <tbody> 15 {% for record in context_obj %} 16 <tr> 17 <th><a href="/deltails/{{record.id }}">{{ record.id }}</a> </th> 18 <th>{{ record.title }}</th> 19 <th>{{ record.auther }}</th> 20 <th>{{ record.time }}</th> 21 </tr> 22 {% endfor %} 23 </tbody> 24 25 26 </table> 27 </div> 28 29 {% endblock %}
记录页面 record.html
1 {% extends "web/layout.html" %} 2 {% load staticfiles %} 3 4 {% block css %} 5 <link href="{% static "dcalendar.picker.css" %}" rel="stylesheet"/> 6 {% endblock %} 7 8 9 {% block con %} 10 <h2 class="sub-header">Record</h2> 11 <div class="container" id = "record"> 12 <div class="form-group"> 13 <label for="time">  title  </label> 14 <input type="text" id="title" size="30" name="title"/> 15 </div> 16 <div class="form-group"> 17 <label for="details">details</label> 18 <br/> 19 <textarea name="details" cols="100" rows="5" id="details"></textarea> 20 </div> 21 <div class="checkbox"> 22 <label><input type="checkbox" />Check me out</label> 23 </div> 24 <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default" id="Submit">Submit</button> 25 </div> 26 27 28 {% endblock %} 29 30 {% block js %} 31 <script type="text/javascript"> 32 $(function () { 33 $("#Submit").click(function () { 34 var myDate = new Date(); 35 var time = myDate.toLocaleDateString().replace(/\//g,"-"); 36 var title = $("#title").val(); 37 var details = $("#details").val(); 38 if ((title && title.trim()) && (details && details.trim())){ 39 data = {'title':title,'details':details,'time':time}; 40 AjaxRequest('/counts/',data,null); 41 $("#title").val(""); 42 $("#details").val("") ; 43 } 44 }); 45 }); 46 </script> 47 {% endblock %}
详情页面 details.html
1 {% extends "web/layout.html" %} 2 {% block con %} 3 <h2 class="sub-header">Deltails</h2> 4 <div class="blog-header"> 5 <h1 class="blog-title">{{ record.title }}</h1> 6 <p class="lead blog-description">      auther: {{ record.auther }}</p> 7 <p class="lead blog-description">      time: {{ record.time }}</p> 8 <p class="lead blog-description">  details: </p> 9 <hr/> 10 <p> 11 {{ record.details }} 12 </p> 13 </div> 14 15 {% endblock %}
搜索页面 search.html
1 {% extends "web/layout.html" %} 2 {% load staticfiles %} 3 {% block css %} 4 <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "dcalendar.picker.css" %}"/> 5 {% endblock %} 6 {% block con %} 7 <h2 class="sub-header">Search</h2> 8 <div class="container"> 9 <div id="div_to_search"> 10 <label for="Auther">Auther</label> 11 <input type="text" name="Auther" id="Auther_to_serach" /> 12 <label for="StartTime">StartTime</label> 13 <input type="text" name="StartTime" id="StartTime" /> 14 <label for="EndTime">EndTime</label> 15 <input type="text" name="EndTime" id="EndTime"/> 16 <label for="Type"> Type</label> 17 <select name="Type" id="Type"> 18 <option value='All'>All</option> 19 <option value='Solved'>Solved</option> 20 <option value='Unsolved'>Unsolved</option> 21 </select> 22 <input style="60px;cursor:pointer;" type="submit" value='Check' id="Check"/> 23 </div> 24 <hr/> 25 <div class="table-responsive"> 26 <table class="table table-striped"> 27 <thead> 28 <tr> 29 <th>numbers</th> 30 <th>title</th> 31 <th>auther</th> 32 <th>time</th> 33 </tr> 34 </thead> 35 <tbody id="tbody"> 36 </tbody> 37 38 39 </table> 40 </div> 41 </div> 42 43 44 {% endblock %} 45 {% block js %} 46 <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "dcalendar.picker.js" %}"></script> 47 <script type="text/javascript"> 48 $('#StartTime').dcalendarpicker({ 49 format:'yyyy-mm-dd' 50 }); 51 $('#EndTime').dcalendarpicker({ 52 format:'yyyy-mm-dd' 53 }); 54 function callback(arg) { 55 document.getElementById("tbody").innerHTML = arg; 56 } 57 $(function () { 58 $("#Check").click(function () { 59 var data = {}; 60 var count = 0; 61 $("#div_to_search :text").each(function () { 62 data[$(this).attr('name')] = $(this).val(); 63 $(this).val(""); 64 }); 65 //data['Type']=$("#div_to_search :selected").val(); 66 $.each(data,function (i,item) { 67 if (!item){ 68 count++; 69 } 70 }); 71 if(count>2){ 72 alert('you must input at least one parameters'); 73 return false; 74 } 75 var st = data['StartTime']; 76 var et = data['EndTime']; 77 if ( st && et ){ 78 if (tab(st,et)){ 79 AjaxRequest("/search/",data,callback); 80 } 81 else{ 82 alert('the time you input is not correct!'); 83 } 84 }else{ 85 AjaxRequest("/search/",data,callback); 86 } 87 }); 88 }); 89 </script> 90 {% endblock %}
个人写的js代码 custom.js
1 /** 2 * Created by sumoning on 2017/4/17. 3 */ 4 5 function AjaxRequest(url,data,func) { 6 $.ajax({ 7 type: 'POST', 8 url: url, 9 data:data, 10 cache: false, 11 async: true, 12 success: func 13 }); 14 } 15 /* 16 $(function () { 17 $("#bar").children().click(function () { 18 $(this).parent().children().removeClass('active'); 19 $(this).addClass('active'); 20 }); 21 });*/ 22 23 function tab(date1,date2){ 24 var oDate1 = new Date(date1); 25 var oDate2 = new Date(date2); 26 if(oDate1.getTime() > oDate2.getTime()){ 27 return false; 28 } else { 29 return true; 30 } 31 }
表的设计 model.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 #!_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 3 4 5 from django.db import models 6 from django.contrib.auth.models import User 7 8 # Create your models here. 9 10 11 class context(models.Model): 12 title = models.CharField(max_length=100) 13 auther = models.CharField(max_length=20) 14 time = models.DateField() 15 details = models.TextField()
主url设计 buglist/url.py
1 """buglist URL Configuration 2 3 The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: 4 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/http/urls/ 5 Examples: 6 Function views 7 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 8 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') 9 Class-based views 10 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 11 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') 12 Including another URLconf 13 1. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) 14 """ 15 from django.conf.urls import include, url 16 from handle import urls 17 from django.contrib import admin 18 19 urlpatterns = [ 20 url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), 21 url(r'',include(urls)), 22 ]
附属url 设计buglist/handle/url.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 #!_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 3 4 from django.conf.urls import url 5 import views 6 7 urlpatterns = [ 8 url(r'^accounts/login/','django.contrib.auth.views.login',{'template_name':'login/login.html'}), 9 url(r'^login/',views.Login), 10 url(r'^logout/',views.Logout), 11 url(r'^overview/',views.Overview), 12 url(r'^deltails/(\d+)',views.Deltails), 13 url(r'^record/',views.Record), 14 url(r'^counts/',views.Counts), 15 url(r'^search/',views.Search), 16 url(r'^$',views.Index), 17 ]
视图设计 buglist/handle/view.py
1 #/usr/bin/env python 2 #!_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 3 4 5 from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response 6 from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect 7 from django.contrib import auth 8 from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required 9 from django.template.context import RequestContext 10 from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt 11 from models import context 12 import traceback 13 import datetime 14 from django.utils import timezone 15 from django.contrib.auth.models import User 16 17 18 # Create your views here. 19 20 21 def Login(request): 22 if request.user.is_authenticated(): 23 return HttpResponseRedirect('/') 24 data = {'loginstatus':'','user':''} 25 if request.method == "POST": 26 username = request.POST.get('user') 27 password = request.POST.get('password') 28 user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password) 29 if user is not None: 30 auth.login(request,user) 31 data['user'] = user 32 return HttpResponseRedirect('/') 33 data['loginstatus'] = 'your username or password id uncorrect!' 34 35 return render_to_response('login/login.html',data,context_instance=RequestContext(request)) 36 37 def Logout(request): 38 auth.logout(request) 39 return render_to_response('login/login.html',context_instance=RequestContext(request)) 40 41 42 @login_required 43 def Index(request): 44 return render_to_response('web/index.html',{'user':request.user}) 45 46 @login_required 47 def Overview(request): 48 context_obj = context.objects.all().order_by('-id') 49 return render_to_response('web/overview.html',{'context_obj':context_obj,'user':request.user}) 50 51 @login_required 52 def Deltails(request,id): 53 record = context.objects.get(id=id) 54 return render_to_response('web/details.html',{'record':record,'user':request.user}) 55 56 @login_required 57 def Record(request): 58 return render_to_response('web/record.html',{'user':request.user}) 59 60 @login_required 61 @csrf_exempt 62 def Counts(request): 63 title,time,details= request.POST.get('title'),request.POST.get('time'),request.POST.get('details') 64 try: 65 obj = context.objects.create(title=title,time=time,details=details,auther=request.user) 66 return render_to_response('web/record.html', {'user': request.user}) 67 except: 68 traceback.print_exc() 69 70 @login_required 71 @csrf_exempt 72 def Search(request): 73 if request.method == 'POST': 74 datas = {} 75 str = "" 76 get_data = request.POST 77 context_obj = None 78 for re in get_data: 79 if get_data.get(re): 80 datas[re] = get_data.get(re) 81 if len(datas.keys()) == 1 : 82 if 'Auther' in datas.keys(): 83 try: 84 context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther = datas['Auther']).order_by("-id") 85 except: 86 traceback.print_exc() 87 elif 'StartTime' in datas.keys(): 88 try: 89 st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 90 no = timezone.localtime(timezone.now()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") 91 et = datetime.datetime.strptime(no,"%Y-%m-%d").date() 92 context_obj = context.objects.filter(time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id") 93 except: 94 traceback.print_exc() 95 elif 'EndTime' in datas.keys(): 96 try: 97 st = datetime.datetime.strptime('2017-01-01', "%Y-%m-%d").date() 98 et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'],"%Y-%m-%d").date() 99 context_obj = context.objects.filter(time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id") 100 except: 101 traceback.print_exc() 102 else: 103 pass 104 elif len(datas.keys()) == 2: 105 if 'Auther' in datas.keys(): 106 if 'StartTime' in datas.keys(): 107 st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 108 no = timezone.localtime(timezone.now()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d") 109 et = datetime.datetime.strptime(no, "%Y-%m-%d").date() 110 try: 111 context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther=datas['Auther'],time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id") 112 except: 113 traceback.print_exc() 114 elif 'EndTime' in datas.keys(): 115 try: 116 st = datetime.datetime.strptime('2017-01-01', "%Y-%m-%d").date() 117 et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 118 context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther=datas['Auther'],time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id") 119 except: 120 traceback.print_exc() 121 else: 122 pass 123 else: 124 try: 125 st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 126 et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 127 context_obj = context.objects.filter(time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id") 128 except: 129 traceback.print_exc() 130 else: 131 st = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['StartTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 132 et = datetime.datetime.strptime(datas['EndTime'], "%Y-%m-%d").date() 133 context_obj = context.objects.filter(auther=datas['Auther'],time__range=(st, et)).order_by("-id") 134 for re in context_obj: 135 str += "<tr>" 136 str += "<th><a href='/deltails/%d'>%d</a> </th>" % (re.id, re.id) 137 str += "<th>%s</th>" % (re.title) 138 str += "<th>%s</th>" % (re.auther) 139 str += "<th>%s</th>" % (re.time) 140 str += "<tr>" 141 return HttpResponse(str) 142 143 else: 144 return render_to_response("web/search.html",{'user':request.user})
ok，最后run就可以啦