ArrayList

1. 基本属性

　　底层使用动态数组实现

        //集合的默认大小
        private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
        //空的数组实例
        private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
        //这也是一个空的数组实例，和EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA空数组相比是用于了解添加元素时数组膨胀多少
        private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
        //存储 ArrayList集合的元素，集合的长度即这个数组的长度
        //1、当 elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA 时将会清空 ArrayList
        //2、当添加第一个元素时，elementData 长度会扩展为 DEFAULT_CAPACITY=10
        transient Object[] elementData;
        //表示集合的长度
        private int size;

1.1 DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA

　　无参构造器中初始化数组

public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

　　确定扩容后的大小

　　// 确定容量大小
    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    } 

2. 扩容

   // 添加元素
   public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }
    // 数组是否等于 DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
    public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) ? 0: DEFAULT_CAPACITY;

        if (minCapacity > minExpand) {
            ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
        }
    }
    // 最小容量
    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        
        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }
    // 是否需要扩容
    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;

        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

    // 有些VM会在数组中保留一些标题字。尝试分配更大的数组可能会导致OutOfMemoryError：请求的数组大小超过VM限制
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
    // 扩容
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }
    // 容量大于最大容量时
    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }

3. subList

    // 注意：返回的是原集合的视图，也就是说，如果对 subList 出来的集合进行修改或新增操作，那么原始集合也会发生同样的操作。
    public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size);
        return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex);
    }
    // 返回列表中指定的 fromIndex（包括 ）和 toIndex（不包括）之间的部分视图。
    private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess {
        private final AbstractList<E> parent;
        private final int parentOffset;
        private final int offset;
        int size;

        SubList(AbstractList<E> parent,
                int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
            this.parent = parent;
            this.parentOffset = fromIndex;
            this.offset = offset + fromIndex;
            this.size = toIndex - fromIndex;
            this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
        }
   }

4. 迭代器

　　此类的 iterator 和 listIterator 方法返回的迭代器是快速失败的：在创建迭代器之后，除非通过迭代器自身的 remove 或 add 方法从结构上对列表进行修改，否则在任何时间以任何方式对列表进行修改，迭代器都会抛出 ConcurrentModificationException。因此，面对并发的修改，迭代器很快就会完全失败，而不是冒着在将来某个不确定时间发生任意不确定行为的风险。

private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
        // 返回元素的下标,从0开始递增
        int cursor;    
        // 判断是否可以执行remove操作    
        int lastRet = -1; 
        int expectedModCount = modCount;

        public boolean hasNext() {
            // 是否到最后一个元素
            return cursor != size;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            // 数组下标 + 1
            cursor = i + 1;
            // lastRet = 当前返回元素的下标
            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();

            try {
                ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
                // 元素删除后游标重新赋值
                cursor = lastRet;
                // remove必须在next之后执行
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }

        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
            final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size) {
                return;
            }
            final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
            while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
                consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
            }
            // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
            cursor = i;
            lastRet = i - 1;
            checkForComodification();
        }

        final void checkForComodification() {
            // 快速失败
            // 遍历时只能通过remove删除元素,且不能通过其他操作从结构上改变数组
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }