http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/983/E
题意:给定一棵树,给m个公交车路线,即从u到v可直达不用换乘,给q次查询,问从u,v最少需要多少次换乘
题解:考虑到查询操作我们可以分成两部分u->lca(u,v)->v,对于u->lca这段路我们找到t,即从t->lca只需要一次换乘,对于右边路径,我们需要找到一个点z,使得t->z有一次换乘的路径(通过主席树来维护t的子树和z的子树之间是否有直达路线),满足单调性,所以二分查找最合适的z,然后加上前半部分的贡献即为所求
#include <bits/stdc++.h> #define ll long long #define s second #define f first #define inc(i,l,r) for(int i=l;i<=r;i++) #define dec(i,r,l) for(int i=r;i>=l;i--) const int MAXN=2e5+10; const int K=20; using namespace std; vector<int>vec[MAXN]; int num[MAXN],son[MAXN],fa[MAXN],dep[MAXN],f[MAXN]; int st[MAXN][21]; int n,m,q; ll read(){ ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar(); while(!isdigit(ch)){if(ch=='-')f=-1;ch=getchar();} while(isdigit(ch))x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar(); return f*x; } void dfs1(int v,int pre,int deep){ num[v]=1;fa[v]=pre;dep[v]=deep+1; for(int i=0;i<vec[v].size();i++){ int u=vec[v][i]; if(u!=pre){ dfs1(u,v,deep+1); num[v]+=num[u]; if(son[v]==-1||num[son[v]]<num[u])son[v]=u; } } } int p[MAXN],fp[MAXN],cnt,tp[MAXN],rt[MAXN]; void dfs2(int v,int td){ p[v]=++cnt;fp[cnt]=v;tp[v]=td; if(son[v]!=-1) dfs2(son[v],td); for(int i=0;i<vec[v].size();i++)if(son[v]!=vec[v][i]&&vec[v][i]!=fa[v])dfs2(vec[v][i],vec[v][i]); } int Lca(int u,int v){ int uu=tp[u];int vv=tp[v]; while(uu!=vv){ if(dep[uu]<dep[vv]) swap(uu,vv),swap(u,v); u=fa[uu];uu=tp[u]; } if(dep[u]>dep[v]) swap(u,v); return u; } typedef struct node{ int l,r,sum; }node; node d[MAXN*45];int cnt1; int querty(int u,int v){ if(u==v) return 0; if(dep[st[v][K]]>dep[u]) return -1; int ans1=1,t=v; // cout<<p[st[v][K]]<<" "<<p[u]<<endl; for(int i=K;i>=0;i--){ if(dep[st[t][i]]>dep[u])ans1+=(1<<i),t=st[t][i]; // cout<<p[st[t][i]]<<" "<<p[u]<<endl; } return ans1; } void update(int &x,int y,int l,int r,int t){ // cout<<l<<":::"<<r<<" "<<t<<endl; x=++cnt1;d[x]=d[y];d[x].sum++; // cout<<d[x].sum<<endl; if(l==r) return ; int mid=(l+r)>>1; if(t<=mid) update(d[x].l,d[y].l,l,mid,t); else update(d[x].r,d[y].r,mid+1,r,t); } int ans=0; void Sum(int x,int y,int l,int r,int ql,int qr){ // cout<<l<<" "<<r<<" "<<ans<<" "<<d[y].sum<<endl; if(ql<=l&&r<=qr){ans+=(d[y].sum-d[x].sum);return ;} int mid=(l+r)>>1; if(ql<=mid) Sum(d[x].l,d[y].l,l,mid,ql,qr); if(qr>mid) Sum(d[x].r,d[y].r,mid+1,r,ql,qr); } int erfen(int v,int mid){ int vv=tp[v]; while(1){ int t=p[v]-p[vv]; if(mid<=t) return fp[p[v]-mid]; mid-=(t+1);v=fa[vv];vv=tp[v]; } } bool check(int u,int v){if(p[v]>p[u])swap(v,u);ans=0;Sum(rt[p[v]-1],rt[p[v]+num[v]-1],1,n,p[u],p[u]+num[u]-1);return ans>0;} int slove(int u,int v){ if(u==v) return 0; int lca=Lca(u,v); if(lca==u||lca==v){ if(dep[u]>dep[v]) swap(u,v); return querty(u,v); } if(dep[st[u][K]]>dep[lca]) return -1; int ans3=0,t=u; for(int i=K;i>=0;i--)if(dep[st[t][i]]>dep[lca])ans3+=(1<<i),t=st[t][i]; // cout<<ans3<<endl; int l=0;int r=dep[v]-dep[lca]-1;int z=dep[v]-dep[lca]; //cout<<l<<" "<<r<<endl; // cout<<"::::"<<t<<endl; while(l<=r){ int mid=(l+r)>>1; // cout<<t<<"---"<<erfen(v,mid)<<endl; // cout<<l<<" "<<r<<" "<<erfen(v,mid)<<endl; if(check(t,erfen(v,mid)))z=mid,r=mid-1; else l=mid+1; // cout<<l<<" "<<r<<" "<<z<<endl; } // cout<<erfen(v,z)<<endl; int ttt=querty(erfen(v,z),v); // cout<<ans3<<" "<<ttt<<endl; if(ttt<0) return -1; ans3+=(ttt+1); return ans3; } int find1(int x){ // cout<<x<<"----"<<endl; if(x==f[x]) return x; else return f[x]=find1(f[x]); } void dfs3(int v){ for(int i=1;i<=K;i++) st[v][i]=st[st[v][i-1]][i-1]; for(int i=0;i<vec[v].size();i++)if(vec[v][i]!=fa[v])dfs3(vec[v][i]); } void merge(int u,int v){ // cout<<dep[u]<<" "<<dep[v]<<" "<<u<<" "<<v<<endl; for(u=find1(u);dep[u]>=dep[v];u=find1(u))st[u][0]=v,f[u]=fa[u]; } typedef struct Node{ int x,y,z; }Node; Node que[MAXN]; bool cmp1(Node aa,Node bb){ return dep[aa.z]<dep[bb.z]; } bool cmp2(Node aa,Node bb){ return p[aa.x]<p[bb.x]; } int main(){ n=read(); //m=read();q=read(); int u,v;cnt=cnt1=0; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)son[i]=-1,st[i][0]=f[i]=i; //for(int i=1;i<n;i++)u=read(),v=read(),vec[u].push_back(v),vec[v].push_back(u); inc(i,2,n)u=read(),vec[i].push_back(u),vec[u].push_back(i); dfs1(1,0,0);dfs2(1,1); // for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<p[i]<<" "; // cout<<endl; m=read(); for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){ u=read();v=read(); if(u==v) continue; que[i].x=u,que[i].y=v,que[i].z=Lca(que[i].x,que[i].y); } sort(que+1,que+m+1,cmp1); for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)merge(que[i].x,que[i].z),merge(que[i].y,que[i].z); for(int i=1;i<=m;i++)if(p[que[i].x]>p[que[i].y])swap(que[i].x,que[i].y); // cout<<"sb"<<endl; // for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<st[i][0]<<" "; // cout<<endl; dfs3(1); sort(que+1,que+1+m,cmp2);int t=1; for(int i=1;i<=cnt;i++){ rt[i]=rt[i-1]; for(;p[que[t].x]==i;t++)update(rt[i],rt[i],1,n,p[que[t].y]); // ans=0;Sum(rt[3],rt[4],1,n,5,6); // cout<<ans<<"==---"<<endl; } // ans=0;Sum(rt[3],rt[4],1,n,5,6); // cout<<ans<<"==---"<<endl; // cout<<"sb"<<endl; q=read(); while(q--){ u=read();v=read(); int ans2=slove(u,v); if(ans2<0) puts("-1"); else printf("%d ",ans2); } return 0; }