一,配置属性类
其实就是值对象注入的方式去配置一些Spring常用的配置，我们编写一个最简单的配置对象。
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "hello")
//@Component //如果这里添加了注解那么在自动配置类的时候就不用添加@enableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)注解.
public class HelloProperties {
private String msg="default";//现在我们在配置文件写hello.msg=world,因为简单就不再展示;如果那么默认为default.
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
这是一个简单的属性值对象，那么相当于写死的字段就是SpringBoot为我们自动配置的配置，那么我们很多时候可以自己在application.properties中修改某些配置就是这样的道理，我们不设置就是默认的，设置了就是我们设置的属性。
二,自动配置类
上面已经构建了我们简单的属性对象，那么现在我们要通过属性对象得到相应的属性值将其注入到我们的Bean中，这些Bean也就是一些SpringBoot启动后为我们自动配置生成的Bean，当然SpringBoot优先使用我们配置的Bean这个功能是如何实现的,我们往下看一下就明白了。
首先我们需要一个功能Bean，可以把这个Bean看做是SpringBoot框架启动后在容器里面生成的为我们服务的内置Bean,简单的写一个。
//@Component 这里很重要，如果我们添加了这个注解那么，按照我们下面的设置SpringBoot会优先使用我们配置的这个Bean，这是符合SpringBoot框架优先使用自定义Bean的原则的。
public class HelloService {
private String msg = "service";//如果自动配置没有读入成功，那么为默认值
public String say() {
return "hello " + msg;
}//为我们服务的方法
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
现在编写我们的自动配置类。
@Configuration //配置类
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)//这里就是前面说的，这个注解读入我们的配置对象类
@ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)//当类路径存在这个类时才会加载这个配置类，否则跳过,这个很有用比如不同jar包间类依赖，依赖的类不存在直接跳过，不会报错
public class HelloAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
private HelloProperties helloProperties;
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)//这个配置就是SpringBoot可以优先使用自定义Bean的核心所在，如果没有我们的自定义Bean那么才会自动配置一个新的Bean
public HelloService auto(){
HelloService helloService =new HelloService();
helloService.setMsg(helloProperties.getMsg());
return helloService;
}
}
好了现在自动配置的类也写好了，我们可以启动一下SpringBoot应用，测试一下。
三,测试自动配置
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class MyRun {
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping("/auto/home")
public String home(){
return helloService.say();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MyRun.class,args);
}
}
ok ,运行后访问你会看到：
hello world
代表我们的自动配置功能成功。
四,SpringBoot管理自动配置
其实在很多时候我们的配置是在很多jar包里的，那么我们新的应用该怎么读入这些jar包里的配置文件呢，SpringBoot是这样管理的。
最主要的注解就是@enableAutoConfiguration,而这个注解会导入一个EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的类,而这个类会去读取一个spring.factories下key为EnableAutoConfiguration全限定名对应值.
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.hornetq.HornetQAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.velocity.VelocityAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
所以如果需要我们可以在我们的resources目录下创建spring.factories下添加类似的配置即可。