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  • 动态修改.Net StreamReader Encoding编码

    原文网址:http://www.blogwind.com/Wuvist/42999.shtml

    在.Net framework中StreamReader的使用encoding必须在构造器中指定,而且中途完全不可以更改。

    在一般的情况下,这不会造成什么问题。一般若是从硬盘读取文件,单一文件内的编码一般都是统一的。即便是发现读错,亦可以关闭StreamReader,重启使用新的编码读取。

    偏偏偶最近遇到了需要修改编码的需求,而且,我的程序没有关闭重读的机会。因为偶使用的StreamReader的BaseStream是一个Network Stream,我不可以关闭它……但是Network Stream传过来的东西很可能包涵不同的编码……GB2312,Big5,UTF8,ISO-8859-1等等……虽然是先得到编码信息,然后再读具体内容,但是,一开始使用的Stream Reader编码一旦错了,读出来的东西便再也无法恢复……会丢字之类的……

    我也不可以在获得编码信息之后,重新建立一个新的Stream Reader,因为具体内容已经被原来的Stream Reader给缓冲掉了……

    唯一的解决方法,便是自己实现一个可以改变CurrentEncoding属性的Stream Reader了……

    全部从头写起非常不实际,偶是先当了mono源码,从mono的Stream Reader实现代码做修改。

    Stream Reader其实很简单,它内部有两个Buffer,一个是input buffer,一个是decoded buffer,前者用于缓存从base stream读过来的原始数据,后者用于缓存根据原始数据解码出来后的东西……只要看明白mono的实现中ReadBuffer这个方法,要动态修改CurrentEncoding也就不是太难了……

    我需要处理的网络协议是一个行协议……偶在程序中只调用了StreamReader的Readline方法,而完全没有使用Read的两个方法,这也使得偶动态修改编码容易了许多……

    偶的做法是每次调用Readline的时候,不仅移动decoded buffer的游标(pos),同时也移动input buffer一个新的游标(pos_input),做法很简单,Readline方法需要调用FindNextEOL移动游标查找换行符号……我在FindNextEOL方法添加多一行:
      int FindNextEOL ()
      {
       FindNextInputEOL();
       ....

    而FindNextInputEOL这个新的函数,完全是FindNextEOL的翻版,只是前者处理input buffer,而后者处理decoded buffer……

    如此一来,我便可以知道每次Readline之后,input buffer中还没有被上层读到的原始数据有哪些了……

    然后,再把CurrentEncoding属性添加Set的方法:
    set
       {
        encoding=value;
        decoder = encoding.GetDecoder();
        decoded_count = pos + decoder.GetChars (input_buffer, pos_input, cbEncoded , pos_input, decoded_buffer, pos);
       }

    设定新编码时,程序便根据input buffer的游标(pos_input)把没有被读到的原始数据重新decode一次,并且替换掉decoded buffer中的内容。

    然后,事情就搞定了……甚至不需要对Readline方法做任何修改……除了把cbEncoded这个变量放到全局里面外……

    但是,偶这个修改使得Read的两个方法变得完全不可以用……一旦调用了……便会使得input buffer与decoded buffer里面两个游标不同步……下面附上完整的代码,还望有大侠可以帮忙把Read的两个方法也给搞定了…… 先谢过……

    /
    // System.IO.StreamReader.cs
    //
    // Author:
    //   Dietmar Maurer (dietmar@ximian.com)
    //   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@ximian.com) 
    //
    // (C) Ximian, Inc.  http://www.ximian.com
    // Copyright (C) 2004 Novell (http://www.novell.com)
    //

    //
    // Copyright (C) 2004 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
    //
    // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
    // a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
    // "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    // without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    // distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    // permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    // the following conditions:
    // 
    // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    // included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    // 
    // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    // EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    // MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
    // NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
    // LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
    // OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
    // WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
    //

    using System;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    namespace System.IO 
    {
        [Serializable]
        
    public class DynamicStreamReader : TextReader 
        
    {

            
    const int DefaultBufferSize = 1024;
            
    const int DefaultFileBufferSize = 4096;
            
    const int MinimumBufferSize = 128;

            
    //
            
    // The input buffer
            
    //
            byte [] input_buffer;

            
    //
            
    // The decoded buffer from the above input buffer
            
    //
            char [] decoded_buffer;

            
    //
            
    // Decoded bytes in decoded_buffer.
            
    //
            int decoded_count;

            
    //
            
    // Current position in the decoded_buffer
            
    //
            int pos;

            
    //
            
    // Current position in the input_buffer
            
    //
            int pos_input;

            
    //
            
    // The buffer size that we are using
            
    //
            int buffer_size;

            
    int do_checks;
            
            Encoding encoding;
            Decoder decoder;

            Stream base_stream;
            
    bool mayBlock;
            StringBuilder line_builder;

            
    private class NullStreamReader : DynamicStreamReader 
            
    {
                
    public override int Peek ()
                
    {
                    
    return -1;
                }


                
    public override int Read ()
                
    {
                    
    return -1;
                }


                
    public override int Read ([In, Out] char[] buffer, int index, int count)
                
    {
                    
    return 0;
                }


                
    public override string ReadLine ()
                
    {
                    
    return null;
                }


                
    public override string ReadToEnd ()
                
    {
                    
    return String.Empty;
                }


                
    public override Stream BaseStream
                
    {
                    
    get return Stream.Null; }
                }


                
    public override Encoding CurrentEncoding
                
    {
                    
    get return Encoding.Unicode; }
                }

            }


            
    public new static readonly DynamicStreamReader Null =  (DynamicStreamReader)(new NullStreamReader());
            
            
    internal DynamicStreamReader() {}

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream)
                : 
    this (stream, Encoding.UTF8, true, DefaultBufferSize) { }

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
                : 
    this (stream, Encoding.UTF8, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultBufferSize) { }

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding)
                : 
    this (stream, encoding, true, DefaultBufferSize) { }

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
                : 
    this (stream, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultBufferSize) { }
            
            
    public DynamicStreamReader(Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, int buffer_size)
            
    {
                Initialize (stream, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, buffer_size);
            }


            
    public DynamicStreamReader(string path)
                : 
    this (path, Encoding.UTF8, true, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(string path, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
                : 
    this (path, Encoding.UTF8, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(string path, Encoding encoding)
                : 
    this (path, encoding, true, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }

            
    public DynamicStreamReader(string path, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks)
                : 
    this (path, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, DefaultFileBufferSize) { }
            
            
    public DynamicStreamReader(string path, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, int buffer_size)
            
    {
                
    if (null == path)
                    
    throw new ArgumentNullException("path");
                
    if (String.Empty == path)
                    
    throw new ArgumentException("Empty path not allowed");
                
    if (path.IndexOfAny (Path.InvalidPathChars) != -1)
                    
    throw new ArgumentException("path contains invalid characters");
                
    if (null == encoding)
                    
    throw new ArgumentNullException ("encoding");
                
    if (buffer_size <= 0)
                    
    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer_size""The minimum size of the buffer must be positive");

                
    string DirName = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
                
    if (DirName != String.Empty && !Directory.Exists(DirName))
                    
    throw new DirectoryNotFoundException ("Directory '" + DirName + "' not found.");
                
    if (!File.Exists(path))
                    
    throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found.", path);

                Stream stream 
    = (Stream) File.OpenRead (path);
                Initialize (stream, encoding, detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, buffer_size);
            }


            
    internal void Initialize (Stream stream, Encoding encoding, bool detect_encoding_from_bytemarks, int buffer_size)
            
    {
                
    if (null == stream)
                    
    throw new ArgumentNullException ("stream");
                
    if (null == encoding)
                    
    throw new ArgumentNullException ("encoding");
                
    if (!stream.CanRead)
                    
    throw new ArgumentException ("Cannot read stream");
                
    if (buffer_size <= 0)
                    
    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer_size""The minimum size of the buffer must be positive");

                
    if (buffer_size < MinimumBufferSize)
                    buffer_size 
    = MinimumBufferSize;

                base_stream 
    = stream;
                input_buffer 
    = new byte [buffer_size];
                
    this.buffer_size = buffer_size;
                
    this.encoding = encoding;
                decoder 
    = encoding.GetDecoder ();

                
    byte [] preamble = encoding.GetPreamble ();
                do_checks 
    = detect_encoding_from_bytemarks ? 1 : 0;
                do_checks 
    += (preamble.Length == 0? 0 : 2;
                
                decoded_buffer 
    = new char [encoding.GetMaxCharCount (buffer_size)];
                decoded_count 
    = 0;
                pos 
    = 0;
                pos_input 
    =0;
            }


            
    public virtual Stream BaseStream
            
    {
                
    get 
                
    {
                    
    return base_stream;
                }

            }


            
    public virtual Encoding CurrentEncoding
            
    {
                
    get 
                
    {
                    
    if (encoding == null)
                        
    throw new Exception ();
                    
    return encoding;
                }

                
    set
                
    {
                    encoding
    =value;
                    decoder 
    = encoding.GetDecoder();
                    decoded_count 
    = pos + decoder.GetChars (input_buffer, pos_input, cbEncoded - pos_input, decoded_buffer, pos);
                    
    //DiscardBufferedData();
                }

            }


            
    public override void Close ()
            
    {
                Dispose (
    true);
            }


            
    protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)
            
    {
                
    if (disposing && base_stream != null)
                    base_stream.Close ();
                
                input_buffer 
    = null;
                decoded_buffer 
    = null;
                encoding 
    = null;
                decoder 
    = null;
                base_stream 
    = null;
                
    base.Dispose (disposing);
            }


            
    //
            
    // Provides auto-detection of the encoding, as well as skipping over
            
    // byte marks at the beginning of a stream.
            
    //
            int DoChecks (int count)
            
    {
                
    if ((do_checks & 2== 2)
                
    {
                    
    byte [] preamble = encoding.GetPreamble ();
                    
    int c = preamble.Length;
                    
    if (count >= c)
                    
    {
                        
    int i;
                        
                        
    for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
                            
    if (input_buffer [i] != preamble [i])
                                
    break;

                        
    if (i == c)
                            
    return i;
                    }

                }


                
    if ((do_checks & 1== 1)
                
    {
                    
    if (count < 2)
                        
    return 0;

                    
    if (input_buffer [0== 0xfe && input_buffer [1== 0xff)
                    
    {
                        
    this.encoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
                        
    return 2;
                    }


                    
    if (input_buffer [0== 0xff && input_buffer [1== 0xfe)
                    
    {
                        
    this.encoding = Encoding.Unicode;
                        
    return 2;
                    }


                    
    if (count < 3)
                        
    return 0;

                    
    if (input_buffer [0== 0xef && input_buffer [1== 0xbb && input_buffer [2== 0xbf)
                    
    {
                        
    this.encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
                        
    return 3;
                    }

                }


                
    return 0;
            }


            
    public void DiscardBufferedData ()
            
    {
                pos 
    = decoded_count = 0;
                mayBlock 
    = false;
                
    // Discard internal state of the decoder too.
                decoder = encoding.GetDecoder ();
            }

            
            
    int cbEncoded; 
            
    int parse_start;
            
    // the buffer is empty, fill it again
            private int ReadBuffer ()
            
    {
                pos 
    = 0;
                pos_input 
    = 0;
                cbEncoded 
    = 0;

                
    // keep looping until the decoder gives us some chars
                decoded_count = 0;
                parse_start 
    = 0;
                
    do    
                
    {
                    cbEncoded 
    = base_stream.Read (input_buffer, 0, buffer_size);
                    
                    
    if (cbEncoded == 0)
                        
    return 0;

                    mayBlock 
    = (cbEncoded < buffer_size);
                    
    if (do_checks > 0)
                    
    {
                        Encoding old 
    = encoding;
                        parse_start 
    = DoChecks (cbEncoded);
                        
    if (old != encoding)
                        
    {
                            decoder 
    = encoding.GetDecoder ();
                        }

                        do_checks 
    = 0;
                        cbEncoded 
    -= parse_start;
                    }

                    decoded_count 
    += decoder.GetChars (input_buffer, parse_start, cbEncoded, decoded_buffer, 0);
                    parse_start 
    = 0;
                }
     while (decoded_count == 0);

                
    return decoded_count;
            }


            
    public override int Peek ()
            
    {
                
    if (base_stream == null)
                    
    throw new ObjectDisposedException ("StreamReader""Cannot read from a closed StreamReader");
                
    if (pos >= decoded_count && (mayBlock || ReadBuffer () == 0))
                    
    return -1;

                
    return decoded_buffer [pos];
            }


            
    public override int Read ()
            
    {
                
    throw new Exception("Dynamic Reader could not read!");
            }


            
    public override int Read ([In, Out] char[] dest_buffer, int index, int count)
            
    {
                
    throw new Exception("Dynamic Reader could not read!");
            }


            
    bool foundCR_input;
            
    int FindNextInputEOL()
            
    {
                
    char c = '\0';
                
    for (; pos_input < cbEncoded; pos_input++
                
    {
                    c 
    = (char)input_buffer [pos_input];
                    
    if (c == '\n'
                    
    {
                        pos_input
    ++;
                        
    int res = (foundCR_input) ? (pos_input - 2) : (pos_input - 1);
                        
    if (res < 0)
                            res 
    = 0// if a new buffer starts with a \n and there was a \r at
                        
    // the end of the previous one, we get here.
                        foundCR_input = false;
                        
    return res;
                    }
     
                    
    else if (foundCR_input) 
                    
    {
                        foundCR_input 
    = false;
                        
    return pos - 1;
                    }


                    foundCR_input 
    = (c == '\r');
                }


                
    return -1;
            }


            
    bool foundCR;
            
    int FindNextEOL ()
            
    {
                FindNextInputEOL();
                
    char c = '\0';
                
    for (; pos < decoded_count; pos++
                
    {
                    c 
    = decoded_buffer [pos];
                    
    if (c == '\n'
                    
    {
                        pos
    ++;
                        
    int res = (foundCR) ? (pos - 2) : (pos - 1);
                        
    if (res < 0)
                            res 
    = 0// if a new buffer starts with a \n and there was a \r at
                        
    // the end of the previous one, we get here.
                        foundCR = false;
                        
    return res;
                    }
     
                    
    else if (foundCR) 
                    
    {
                        foundCR 
    = false;
                        
    return pos - 1;
                    }


                    foundCR 
    = (c == '\r');
                }


                
    return -1;
            }


            
    public override string ReadLine()
            
    {
                
    if (base_stream == null)
                    
    throw new ObjectDisposedException ("StreamReader""Cannot read from a closed StreamReader");

                
    if (pos >= decoded_count && ReadBuffer () == 0)
                    
    return null;

                
    int begin = pos;
                
    int end = FindNextEOL ();
                
    if (end < decoded_count && end >= begin)
                    
    return new string (decoded_buffer, begin, end - begin);

                
    if (line_builder == null)
                    line_builder 
    = new StringBuilder ();
                
    else
                    line_builder.Length 
    = 0;

                
    while (true
                
    {
                    
    if (foundCR) // don't include the trailing CR if present
                        decoded_count--;

                    line_builder.Append (
    new string (decoded_buffer, begin, decoded_count - begin));
                    
    if (ReadBuffer () == 0
                    
    {
                        
    if (line_builder.Capacity > 32768
                        
    {
                            StringBuilder sb 
    = line_builder;
                            line_builder 
    = null;
                            
    return sb.ToString (0, sb.Length);
                        }

                        
    return line_builder.ToString (0, line_builder.Length);
                    }


                    begin 
    = pos;
                    end 
    = FindNextEOL ();
                    
    if (end < decoded_count && end >= begin) 
                    
    {
                        line_builder.Append (
    new string (decoded_buffer, begin, end - begin));
                        
    if (line_builder.Capacity > 32768
                        
    {
                            StringBuilder sb 
    = line_builder;
                            line_builder 
    = null;
                            
    return sb.ToString (0, sb.Length);
                        }

                        
    return line_builder.ToString (0, line_builder.Length);
                    }

                }

            }


            
    public override string ReadToEnd()
            
    {
                
    if (base_stream == null)
                    
    throw new ObjectDisposedException ("StreamReader""Cannot read from a closed StreamReader");

                StringBuilder text 
    = new StringBuilder ();

                
    int size = decoded_buffer.Length;
                
    char [] buffer = new char [size];
                
    int len;
                
                
    while ((len = Read (buffer, 0, size)) > 0)
                    text.Append (buffer, 
    0, len);

                
    return text.ToString ();
            }

        }

    }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wuvist/p/495829.html
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