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  • Looper Handler MessageQueue Message 探究

    Android消息处理的大致的原理如下:

      1.有一个消息队列,可以往队列中添加消息

      2.有一个消息循环,可以从消息队列中取出消息

    Android系统中这些工作主要由Looper和Handler两个类来实现:

      Looper类: 有一个消息队列,封装消息循环

      Handler类: 消息的投递、消息的处理

    Looper类:

      Looper的使用需先调用 Looper.prepare(),然后调用Looper.loop()开启消息循环。

     1     public static void prepare() {
     2         prepare(true);
     3     }
     4 
     5     private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
     6         if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
     7             throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
     8         }
     9         sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    10     }

        static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

      prepare会在调用线程的局部变量中设置一个Looper对象;

      ThreadLocal是java中线程局部变量类,有两个关键函数:

          set: 设置调用线程的局部变量

          get: 获取调用线程的局部变量

      Looper的构造函数:  

    1     private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
    2         mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
    3         mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    4     }

      创建了一个消息队列,用于存放消息。

      Looper.loop(), myLooper()通过ThreadLocal对象获取了prepare时创建的Looper对象。loop里面是一个循环,循环从MessageQueue中取消息,然后通过Handler去处理。

      (msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); target是一个Handler对象,后面会提到)

     1     public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
     2         return sThreadLocal.get();
     3     }
     4 
     5     public static void loop() {
     6         final Looper me = myLooper();
     7         if (me == null) {
     8             throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
     9         }
    10         final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
    11 
    12         // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
    13         // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
    14         Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    15         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    16 
    17         for (;;) {
    18             Message msg = queue.next(); // might block   可能会阻塞
    19             if (msg == null) {
    20                 // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
    21                 return;
    22             }
    23 
    24             // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
    25             Printer logging = me.mLogging;
    26             if (logging != null) {
    27                 logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
    28                         msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
    29             }
    30 
    31             msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
    32 
    33             if (logging != null) {
    34                 logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
    35             }
    36 
    37             // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
    38             // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
    39             final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    40             if (ident != newIdent) {
    41                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
    42                         + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
    43                         + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
    44                         + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
    45                         + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
    46             }
    47 
    48             msg.recycleUnchecked();
    49         }
    50     }

      Looper的作用:

    • 封装一个消息队列

    • prepare()方法把Looper对象和调用的线程绑定起来

    • 通过loop()方法处理消息队列中的消息    

    Hander类:

      Handler有多个构造函数,常用的就下面几个:     

     1     public Handler() {
     2         this(null, false);
     3     }
     4 
     5     public Handler(Looper looper) {
     6         this(looper, null, false);
     7     }
     8 
     9     public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
    10         mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
    11         if (mLooper == null) {
    12             throw new RuntimeException(
    13                 "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
    14         }
    15         mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
    16         mCallback = callback;
    17         mAsynchronous = async;
    18     }
    19 
    20     public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
    21         mLooper = looper;
    22         mQueue = looper.mQueue;
    23         mCallback = callback;
    24         mAsynchronous = async;
    25     }

      无参构造函数,通过Looper.myLooper()获取调用线程的Looper对象; Handler提供了一个Callback的接口,参数里面的Callback在处理消息的时候会用到,如果设置了全局Callback,消息会通过这个Callback处理,如果未设置,则需重重载handlerMessage()方法来处理消息。

    1     public interface Callback {
    2         public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
    3     }

      (1) Handler和Message ----> Handler把Message插入Looper的消息队列。

        Handler有一系列的处理消息的函数,比如:     

     1     public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
     2     {
     3         return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
     4     }
     5 
     6     public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
     7     {
     8         return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
     9     }
    10 
    11     public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
    12         Message msg = Message.obtain();
    13         msg.what = what;
    14         return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
    15     }
    16 
    17     public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    18     {
    19         if (delayMillis < 0) {
    20             delayMillis = 0;
    21         }
    22         return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    23     }
    24 
    25     public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    26         MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
    27         if (queue == null) {
    28             RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
    29                     this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
    30             Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
    31             return false;
    32         }
    33         return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    34     }
    35 
    36     public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
    37         MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
    38         if (queue == null) {
    39             RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
    40                 this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
    41             Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
    42             return false;
    43         }
    44         return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
    45     }

       这些都是将消息插入到Looper的消息队列,sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue()是将消息插入到消息队列的队列头,所以优先级很高。所有方法最后都是通过enqueueMessage()方法插入消息。

    1     private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    2         msg.target = this;
    3         if (mAsynchronous) {
    4             msg.setAsynchronous(true);
    5         }
    6         return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    7     } 

        msg.target = this,前面有提到,target是Handler对象,消息的处理最后都需通过这个。

      (2)Handler的消息处理

        上面的Looper.loop()方法中,不断从消息队列中提取消息,然后通过Handler的dispatchMessage()方法处理消息。

     1     public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
     2         if (msg.callback != null) {
     3             handleCallback(msg);
     4         } else {
     5             if (mCallback != null) {
     6                 if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
     7                     return;
     8                 }
     9             }
    10             handleMessage(msg);
    11         }
    12     }

          如果Message设置了callback,则通过这个callback处理,如果Message没设置callback则先通过全局callback来处理,如果都没设置,则通过handlerMessage()方法来处理。

      简单总结一下:

        Looper中有一个MessageQueue,里面存储一个个待处理的Message。

        Message中有一个Handler,这个Handler处理Message。

        转载还望注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaojianli/p/5642380.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaojianli/p/5642380.html
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