BASIS SAP: Troubleshooting Server Startup

Checklist for troubleshooting SAP server startup:

What to Check	How to Check It	Tips
Network	Make sure that your database is mounted and open. Use either Control Panel >> Services >> Oracle TNSListener, or the command lsnrctl (preferable) to start the listener service execute tnsping <SID> execute tp connect <SID> (from /usr/sap/trans/bin dir). If it doesn't work, do a tp go <SID> to show the environment variables.	Check listener.ora, tnsnames.ora, sqlnet.ora. Using lsnrctl gives more feedback, which is recorded in the file listener.log. Also see sqlnet.log
Database	Use svrmgr or sqldba to check database startup and shutdown: connect internal shutdown startup	add the immediate or abort options to shutdown if necessary divide startup into phases by starting startup nomount, then continuing with alter database mount and alter database open try alter database recover after a crash or power failure
Applications	After successfully starting the database, start the application services (from NT, use the SAP Service Manager). From UNIX, use the startsap r3 script).	Check the logs in the directory usr/sap/SID/DVEBMGS/work For NT, make sure the Oracle and SAP Services are started. Also check that the NT service RPC is started and working (test it by adding a new printer; if the first screen shows up, it should be OK).
SAP DB + Applications	If both the DB and applications startup are fine when performed separately, try starting them together with the SAP Service Manager (NT) or startsap (UNIX).	For NT, the startsap script can be found in usr/sap/SID/SYS/exe/run/strdbs.cmd

Troubleshooting other applications:

Application	How to Check It	Tips
SQL*Plus	Make sure that the services OracleServiceSID and OracleTNSListener are started the database is started and opened the command tnsping <SID> returns OK (see above for tips on troubleshooting the listener)	First try running the SQL*Plus client from the server (Start >> Oracle for Windows NT >> SQL_Plus 3.x), Enter system/manager for username/password and <SID> for host string.

Sample Oracle Network Configuration Files for SAP 

These are sample files for configuring the Oracle network services. The three files involved are listenter.ora, tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora. These files can be generated using the NETV8.EXE utility (included on the SAP 4.0B upgrade CD). The utility can generate files for different Oracle versions, including 7.2, 7.3, and 8.0.

These are sample files for an SAP server called "sap2" with a system ID of "D01". Note that network files for Oracle 7 are located in the folder <OracleHome>/Network/Admin; those for Oracle 8 are located in the folder <OracleHome>/Net80/Admin. 

---

 Sample Oracle Network LISTENER.ORA Files 
 ################
# Filename......: listener.ora (for Oracle 8)
# Node..........: local.world
# Date..........:
################
LISTENER =
        (ADDRESS =
          (COMMUNITY = TCP.world)
          (PROTOCOL = TCP)
          (Host = sap2)
          (Port = 1527)
        )
        (ADDRESS=
          (COMMUNITY= TCP.world)
          (Host = sap2)
          (PROTOCOL= TCP)
          (Port= 1521)
        )
        (ADDRESS=
          (COMMUNITY= TCP.world)
          (Host = sap2)
          (PROTOCOL= TCP)
          (Port= 1526)
        )
  )
STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_LISTENER = 0
CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER = 10
TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = OFF
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SDU = 4096)
      (SID_NAME = D01)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:/ORANT)
      (PRESPAWN_MAX = 10)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
    )
  )
PASSWORDS_LISTENER = (oracle)

---

Sample Oracle Network TNSNAMES.ORA Files

# TNSNAMES.ORA (for Oracle 8)
Tcp-loopback.world = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
        (ADDRESS = 
          (COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
          (PROTOCOL = TCP)
          (Host = 127.0.0.1)
          (Port = 1521)
        )
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = ORCL)
    )
  )
D01.world = 
  (DESCRIPTION = 
    (ADDRESS_LIST = 
        (ADDRESS = 
          (COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
          (PROTOCOL = TCP)
          (Host = sap2)
          (Port = 1521)
        )
        (ADDRESS = 
          (COMMUNITY = tcp.world)
          (PROTOCOL = TCP)
          (Host = sap2)
          (Port = 1526)
        )
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = D01)
    )
  )

---

Sample Oracle Network SQLNET.ORA File (Oracle 7 or 8)

 AUTOMATIC_IPC = ON
 TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT = OFF
 names.directory_path = (TNSNAMES)
 NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = world
 NAME.DEFAULT_ZONE = world
 names.default_domain=world 
来源:http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Grid/4858/sap/Basis/startup.htm