使用hive版本：apache-hive-2.3.6-bin.tar.gz 下载地址：http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hive
在安装前必须要先安装好hadoop环境，可参考：Hadoop 单机搭建 hadoop单机搭建
1、下载解压安装文件
tar -zxvf apache-hive-2.3.6-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/modules/
2、配置环境变量
修改文件 [hadoop@centos04 modules]$ sudo vi /etc/profile 输入以下内容： export HIVE_HOME=/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin 刷新使之生效 [hadoop@centos04 modules]$ source /etc/profile 显示版本号 [hadoop@centos04 modules]$ hive -version which: no hbase in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/opt/modules/jdk1.8.0_181/bin:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/bin:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/sbin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin:/opt/modules/jdk1.8.0_181/bin:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/bin:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/sbin:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/bin) SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory] Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/lib/hive-common-2.3.6.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases. hive>
3、关联hodoop
Hive依赖hadoop，需要在Hive中指定hadoop的安装目录
复制Hive安装目录的conf/hive-env.sh.template 文件为hive-env.sh ,然后添加以下内容，指定hadoop安装目录
复制 cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh 修改 vi hive-env.sh 添加 export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/
4、创建数据仓库
hadoop fs -mkdir -p /tmp hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse hadoop fs -chmod g+w /tmp hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse /tmp hive任务在hdfs中的缓存目录 /user/hive/warehouse hive数据仓库，存储hive创建的数据库 hive默认向这2个目录写入数据 如果希望任意用户对这2个目录拥有可写权限，g+w 改为 a+w
5、初始化元数据信息
从Hive2.1开始，需要运行schematool命令对Hive数据库的元数据进行初始化。默认Hive使用内嵌的Derby数据库来存储元数据信息
[hadoop@centos04 bin]$ pwd /opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/bin [hadoop@centos04 bin]$ schematool -dbType derby -initSchema
[hadoop@centos04 bin]$ schematool -dbType derby -initSchema SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory] Metastore connection URL: jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true Metastore Connection Driver : org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver Metastore connection User: APP Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.3.0 Initialization script hive-schema-2.3.0.derby.sql Initialization script completed schemaTool completed
注意：Hive创建一个名为metastore_db的Derby数据库
metastore_db数据库位置默认在初始化命令的执行目录
[hadoop@centos04 bin]$ ll 总用量 44 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 881 8月 13 2019 beeline -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 709 3月 17 15:09 derby.log drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 3月 17 13:51 ext -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 9838 8月 13 2019 hive -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 1900 8月 13 2019 hive-config.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 885 8月 13 2019 hiveserver2 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 880 8月 13 2019 hplsql drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 133 3月 17 15:09 metastore_db -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 832 8月 13 2019 metatool -rwxr-xr-x. 1 hadoop hadoop 884 8月 13 2019 schematool [hadoop@centos04 bin]$ pwd /opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/bin [hadoop@centos04 bin]$ ll metastore_db/ 总用量 28 -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 4 3月 17 15:09 dbex.lck -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 38 3月 17 15:09 db.lck drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 97 3月 17 15:09 log -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 608 3月 17 15:09 README_DO_NOT_TOUCH_FILES.txt drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 8192 3月 17 15:09 seg0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 930 3月 17 15:09 service.properties drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 6 3月 17 15:09 tmp [hadoop@centos04 bin]$
6、启动Hive Cli
[hadoop@centos04 metastore_db]$ pwd /opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/bin [hadoop@centos04 metastore_db]$ hive which: no hbase in (/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/opt/modules/jdk1.8.0_181/bin:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/bin:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/sbin:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/bin:/home/hadoop/.local/bin:/home/hadoop/bin) SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.8.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory] Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/modules/apache-hive-2.3.6-bin/lib/hive-common-2.3.6.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases. hive>
注意：上述命令必须在 metastore_db 所在的目录中执行（初始化命令的执行目录）
hive> show databases; OK default Time taken: 11.034 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s) hive>
7、验证
