pip类似RedHat里面的yum，安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍pip的安装、以及使用方法。
1、pip下载安装
1.1 pip下载
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# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate
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1.2 pip安装
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# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
# cd pip-1.5.4
# python setup.py install
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2. pip使用详解
2.1 pip安装包
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# pip install SomePackage
[...]
Successfully installed SomePackage
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2.2 pip查看已安装的包
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# pip show --files SomePackage
Name: SomePackage
Version: 1.0
Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
../somepackage/__init__.py
[...]
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2.3 pip检查哪些包需要更新
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# pip list --outdated
SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)
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2.4 pip升级包
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# pip install --upgrade SomePackage
[...]
Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
Uninstalling SomePackage:
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
Running setup.py install for SomePackage
Successfully installed SomePackage
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2.5 pip卸载包
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$ pip uninstall SomePackage
Uninstalling SomePackage:
/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
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3. pip使用实例
3.1 安装redis
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# pip install redis
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3.2 卸载redis
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# pip uninstall redis
Uninstalling redis:
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info
.....省略一些内容....
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled redis
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3.3 查看待更新包
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pip list --outdate
pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.3.1)
iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)
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4. 常见错误
4.1 ImportError No module named setuptools
请参考《ImportError No module named setuptools解决》
5. pip参数解释
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# pip --help
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install 安装包.
uninstall 卸载包.
freeze 按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
list 列出已安装包.
show 显示包详细信息.
search 搜索包，类似yum里的search.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
zip 不推荐. Zip individual packages.
unzip 不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
bundle 不推荐. Create pybundles.
help 当前帮助.
General Options:
-h, --help 显示帮助.
-v, --verbose 更多的输出，最多可以使用3次
-V, --version 现实版本信息然后退出.
-q, --quiet 最少的输出.
--log-file <path> 覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log
--log <path> 不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--timeout <sec> 连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
--cert <path> 证书.
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6. 优化镜像源加速下载
pip命令会自动下载模块包并完成安装。
软件一般会被自动安装你python安装目录的这个子目录里
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/your_python_install_path/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages |
pip命令默认会连接在国外的python官方服务器下载，速度比较慢，你还可以使用国内的豆瓣源，数据会定期同步国外官网，速度快很多
sudo pip install -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ alex_sayhi --trusted-host pypi.douban.com #alex_sayhi是模块名