目录
1 大概思路... 1
2 Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证... 1
3 Openssl生成SSL证书... 2
4 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证... 2
5 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证... 4
6 编写.NET WebApi的服务端... 6
7 编写.NET WebApi的客户端... 7
8 部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机... 13
9 Nginx集群配置搭建... 13
10 运行结果... 15
11 总结... 16
1 大概思路
l Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证
l Openssl生成SSL证书
l 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证
l 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证
l 编写.NET WebApi的服务端
l 编写.NET WebApi的客户端
l 部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机
l Nginx集群配置搭建
l 运行结果
l 总结
2 Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证
Nginx在WebApi集群，除了OAUTH身份验证外，针对移动端的手机、平板电脑等，还经常使用Token令牌验证，通过服务器授权发出有效期的Token，客户端通过此Token在当前有效期内，进行访问获取信息数据。
Token验证在很多方面都广泛应用，举一个实际应用场景：A客户想通过接收邮件或者短信网址打开一个URL的PDF报表，但是又不想安装APP、或者访问我们的系统，连登录都不想登录。这时候，便可以使用一个有效期的Token，然后结合URL发送给用户，过了有效期，当前URL就失效。便可以解决用户临时访问的问题。
以下是本文讲述的主要结构图：
客户端输入用户名密码服务器，通过了用户名密码验证，其中一台WebApi服务器生成一个Token并返回https的响应。客户端收到Token保存在本地，带上token发出ajax请求、WebRequest请求，经过Action过滤器的检验，访问Action并返回数据。
Token令牌身份验证机制：
Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi令牌验证，如下图所示：
3 Openssl生成SSL证书
请参照《Nginx集群之SSL证书的WebApi微服务》
http://www.cnblogs.com/yongfeng/p/7921905.html
4 编写.NET WebApi的OnAuthorization身份验证
CustomAuthorizeAttribute.cs
using System.Web.Http; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers { public class CustomAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute { public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext) { //判断用户是否登录 if (actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization != null) { string userInfo = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(System.Convert.FromBase64String(actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization.Parameter)); //用户验证逻辑 if (string.Equals(userInfo, string.Format("{0}:{1}", "zhyongfeng", "123456"))) { IsAuthorized(actionContext); } else { HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext); } } else { HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext); } } protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext) { var challengeMessage = new System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized); challengeMessage.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic"); throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(challengeMessage); } } }
生成Token
BaseController.cs
using SSLWebApi.Models; using System; using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers { /// <summary> /// BaseController继承BaseController则需要身份验证 /// </summary> [CustomAuthorize] [RoutePrefix("api/Base")] public class BaseController : ApiController { [HttpGet] [Route("Login")] public string Login(string userId) { if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(userId) == null) { return CreateToken(userId); } else { HttpRuntime.Cache.Remove(userId); return CreateToken(userId); } } /// <summary> /// 生成token /// </summary> /// <param name="userId"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string CreateToken(string userId) { Token token = new Token(); token.UserId = userId; token.SignToken = Guid.NewGuid(); token.Seconds = 12; token.ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(token.Seconds); HttpRuntime.Cache.Insert(token.UserId, token, null, token.ExpireTime, TimeSpan.Zero); return token.SignToken.ToString(); } } }
5 编写.NET WebApi的ActionFilterAttribute令牌验证
WebApiSecurityFilter.cs
using SSLWebApi.Models; using System; using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace SSLWebApi.Filter { public class WebApiSecurityFilter : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext actionContext) { if (actionContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName == "Login") { //登录成功则生成token base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext); return; } else { //判断token令牌 HttpRequestMessage request = actionContext.Request; string staffid = request.Headers.Contains("userid") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("userid").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty; string timestamp = request.Headers.Contains("timestamp") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("timestamp").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty; string nonce = request.Headers.Contains("nonce") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("nonce").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty; string signature = request.Headers.Contains("signature") ? HttpUtility.UrlDecode(request.Headers.GetValues("signature").FirstOrDefault()) : string.Empty; if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(staffid) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(timestamp) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(nonce) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(signature)) { //令牌检验不通过 actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden); return; } else { //令牌检验token失效 if (HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid) == null) { actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden); return; } else { //停牌检验2：判断timespan是否失效 Token token = (Token)HttpRuntime.Cache.Get(staffid); double ts1 = 0; bool timespanvalidate = double.TryParse(timestamp, out ts1); double ts2 = (token.ExpireTime - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0)).TotalSeconds; bool flag = (ts2 - ts1) > token.Seconds ? true : false; bool tokenFlag = (token.SignToken.ToString() == signature) ? true : false; if (timespanvalidate && (!flag) && tokenFlag) { //时间转换成功、时间有效、token值相等 //令牌通过 base.OnActionExecuting(actionContext); return; } else { actionContext.Response = new HttpResponseMessage(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden); return; } } } } } } }
6 编写.NET WebApi的服务端
UserController.cs
using System; using System.Net; using System.Web.Http; namespace SSLWebApi.Controllers { [RoutePrefix("api/User")] public class UserController : ApiController { /// <summary> /// 获取当前用户信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg"></param> /// <returns></returns> [HttpPost] [Route("PostMessage")] public string PostMessage(dynamic obj) { return string.Format("当前输入的消息是:{0}", Convert.ToString(obj.msg)); } [Route("GetMachine")] public string GetMachine() { string AddressIP = string.Empty; foreach (IPAddress _IPAddress in Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList) { if (_IPAddress.AddressFamily.ToString() == "InterNetwork") { AddressIP = _IPAddress.ToString(); } } return string.Format("当前WebApi部署的IP是：{0}", AddressIP); } } }
7 编写.NET WebApi的客户端
WebApiHelper.cs
using Newtonsoft.Json; using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; namespace SSLWebApiClient.Common { public class WebApiHelper { /// <summary> /// Post请求 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="url">url</param> /// <param name="data">数据</param> /// <param name="userid">帐户</param> /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Post(string url, string data, string userid, string signature) { return PostData(url, data, userid, signature); } /// <summary> /// Post请求 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="url">url</param> /// <param name="data">数据</param> /// <param name="userid">帐户</param> /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param> /// <returns></returns> public static T Post<T>(string url, string data, string userid, string signature) { return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(Post(url, data, userid, signature)); } /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="webApi"></param> /// <param name="queryStr"></param> /// <param name="userid"></param> /// <param name="signature"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string Get(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature) { return GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature); } /// <summary> /// Get请求 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="webApi"></param> /// <param name="query"></param> /// <param name="queryStr"></param> /// <param name="userid"></param> /// <param name="signature"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static T Get<T>(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature) { return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(GetData(webApi, queryStr, userid, signature)); } /// <summary> /// 获取时间戳 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetTimeStamp() { TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0); return ts.TotalSeconds.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 获取随机数 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetRandom() { Random rd = new Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond); int i = rd.Next(0, int.MaxValue); return i.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// Post请求 /// </summary> /// <param name="url"></param> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="userid">用户名称</param> /// <param name="signature">数字签名</param> /// <returns></returns> private static string PostData(string url, string data, string userid, string signature) { try { byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data); HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp(); string nonce = GetRandom(); //加入头信息 //当前请求用户 request.Headers.Add("userid", userid); //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒） request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp); //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒） request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce); //当前请求内容的数字签名 request.Headers.Add("signature", signature); //写数据 request.Method = "POST"; request.ContentLength = bytes.Length; request.ContentType = "application/json"; request.GetRequestStream().Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length); //读数据 request.Timeout = 300000; request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache"); HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8); string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); //关闭流 //reqstream.Close(); streamReader.Close(); streamReceive.Close(); request.Abort(); response.Close(); return strResult; } catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; } } /// <summary> /// Get请求 /// </summary> /// <param name="webApi"></param> /// <param name="queryStr"></param> /// <param name="userid"></param> /// <param name="signature"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetData(string webApi, string queryStr, string userid, string signature) { try { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(webApi + "?" + queryStr); string timeStamp = GetTimeStamp(); string nonce = GetRandom(); //加入头信息 //当前请求用户 request.Headers.Add("userid", userid); //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒） request.Headers.Add("timestamp", timeStamp); //发起请求时的时间戳（单位：秒） request.Headers.Add("nonce", nonce); //当前请求内容的数字签名 request.Headers.Add("signature", signature); request.Method = "GET"; request.ContentType = "application/json"; request.Timeout = 90000; request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache"); HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, Encoding.UTF8); string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); streamReader.Close(); streamReceive.Close(); request.Abort(); response.Close(); return strResult; } catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; } } } }
Program.cs
using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; using Newtonsoft.Json; namespace SSLWebApiClient { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string basicUrl = "http://localhost:20107"; string html = string.Empty; for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) { //https协议基本认证 Authorization string url = basicUrl + "/api/base/Login?userId=zhyongfeng"; ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; }; HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); NetworkCredential credential = new NetworkCredential("zhyongfeng", "123456"); req.Credentials = credential; HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse(); Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8); html = streamReader.ReadToEnd().Replace(""", ""); Console.WriteLine("Token服务器保存时间为12s"); Console.WriteLine(String.Format("服务器返回的Token值为:{0}", html)); } //token设置了12s有效期 for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) { System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/PostMessage"; Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Post(url, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { msg = "hello" }), "zhyongfeng", html)); } for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); string url = basicUrl + "/api/user/GetMachine"; Console.WriteLine(Common.WebApiHelper.Get(url, null, "zhyongfeng", html)); } Console.Read(); } } }
8 部署WebApi到局域网内3台PC机
将WebApi部署到以下10.92.202.56的3台PC机
9 Nginx集群配置搭建
通过自主义域名zhyongfeng.com：80端口进行负载均衡集群访问，则访问C:WindowsSystem32driversetchosts，添加下列“本机IP 自定义的域名”：
10.93.85.66 zhyongfeng.com
Nginx的集群配置：
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; #server { # listen 80; # server_name localhost; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # location = /50x.html { # root html; # } #} upstream zhyongfeng.com { server 10.92.202.56:560; server 10.92.202.57:570; server 10.92.202.58:580; } server { listen 80; server_name zhyongfeng.com; rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; } # HTTPS server # server { listen 443 ssl; server_name zhyongfeng.com; ssl_certificate server.crt; ssl_certificate_key server_nopass.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass http://zhyongfeng.com; } } }
运行CMD：
D:DTLDownLoads
ginx-1.10.2>start nginx
D:DTLDownLoads
ginx-1.10.2>nginx -s reload
10 运行结果
因只有其中一台计算生成了相应的Token值（这里只做其中一台，如果要三台都能够响应，可以用redis做相应的Token值存储）
其中一台10.92.202.58生成了Token值，运行结果如下：
- 访问指定的http://10.92.202.56:560
因Token值设定了12s后失效，则返回“远程服务器返回错误：<403>已禁止”，运行效果如下：
11 总结
Nginx基于SSL协议下，客户端利用 http basic身份验证，访问WebApi获得Token，通过Token值获取相应的权限数据，使系统的安全性有了保障，同时灵活运用Token身份令牌，可以实现时效性的数据访问。基于Token的身份验证，针对前后端分离有着很大的作用。例如手机移动端、平板电脑。
源代码下载：
http://download.csdn.net/download/ruby_matlab/10146669
PDF下载：