Spring(五)之Bean定义继承和依赖注入

一、Bean定义继承

bean定义可以包含许多配置信息，包括构造函数参数，属性值和特定于容器的信息，例如初始化方法，静态工厂方法名称等。

子bean定义从父定义继承配置数据。子定义可以根据需要覆盖某些值或添加其他值。

Spring Bean定义继承与Java类继承无关，但继承概念是相同的。您可以将父bean定义定义为模板，其他子bean可以从父bean继承所需的配置。

使用基于XML的配置元数据时，可以使用parent属性指定子bean定义，并将父bean指定为此属性的值。

演示示例:

(1)编写HelloWorld.java

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class HelloWorld {
       private String message1;
       private String message2;

       public void setMessage1(String message){
          this.message1 = message;
       }
       public void setMessage2(String message){
          this.message2 = message;
       }
       public void getMessage1(){
          System.out.println("World Message1 : " + message1);
       }
       public void getMessage2(){
          System.out.println("World Message2 : " + message2);
       }
}

(2)编写HelloIndea.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class HelloIndia {
   private String message1;
   private String message2;
   private String message3;

   public void setMessage1(String message){
      this.message1 = message;
   }
   public void setMessage2(String message){
      this.message2 = message;
   }
   public void setMessage3(String message){
      this.message3 = message;
   }
   public void getMessage1(){
      System.out.println("India Message1 : " + message1);
   }
   public void getMessage2(){
      System.out.println("India Message2 : " + message2);
   }
   public void getMessage3(){
      System.out.println("India Message3 : " + message3);
   }
}

(3)编写MainApp.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
      
      HelloWorld objA = (HelloWorld) context.getBean("helloWorld");
      objA.getMessage1();
      objA.getMessage2();

      HelloIndia objB = (HelloIndia) context.getBean("helloIndia");
      objB.getMessage1();
      objB.getMessage2();
      objB.getMessage3();
   }
}

(4)Beans.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">

     <bean id = "helloWorld" class = "com.tutorialspoint.HelloWorld">
      <property name = "message1" value = "Hello World!"/>
      <property name = "message2" value = "Hello Second World!"/>
       </bean>

   <bean id ="helloIndia" class = "com.tutorialspoint.HelloIndia" parent = "helloWorld">
      <property name = "message1" value = "Hello India!"/>
      <property name = "message3" value = "Namaste India!"/>
   </bean>
   
   
</beans>

(5)运行MainApp.java中的main方法

二、依赖注入

每个基于Java的应用程序都有一些对象可以协同工作，以呈现最终用户所看到的工作应用程序。在编写复杂的Java应用程序时，应用程序类应尽可能独立于其他Java类，以增加重用这些类的可能性，并在单元测试时独立于其他类测试它们。依赖注入（或称为布线）有助于将这些类粘合在一起，同时保持它们的独立性。

依赖注入常用两种形式:

1.set注入（比较常用）

2.构造函数注入

set注入示例：

(1)编写TextEditor.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class TextEditor {
   private SpellChecker spellChecker;
   
   // a setter method to inject the dependency.
   public void setSpellChecker(SpellChecker spellChecker) {
      System.out.println("Inside setSpellChecker." );
      this.spellChecker = spellChecker;
   }
   
   // a getter method to return spellChecker
   public SpellChecker getSpellChecker() {
      return spellChecker;
   }
   public void spellCheck() {
      spellChecker.checkSpelling();
   }
}

(2)编写SpellChecker.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class SpellChecker {
   public SpellChecker(){
      System.out.println("Inside SpellChecker constructor." );
   }
   public void checkSpelling(){
      System.out.println("Inside checkSpelling." );
   }
}

(3)编写Beans.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">

 <!-- Definition for textEditor bean using inner bean -->
   <bean id = "textEditor" class = "com.tutorialspoint.TextEditor">
      <property name = "spellChecker">
         <bean id = "spellChecker" class = "com.tutorialspoint.SpellChecker"/>
      </property>
   </bean>
   
</beans>

(4)编写MainApp.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
      TextEditor te = (TextEditor) context.getBean("textEditor");
      te.spellCheck();
   }
}

(5)运行MainApp.java中的main方法

2.注入集合

Spring提供四种集合注入方式:

(1)Set;(2)List;(3)Map;(4)Props;

演示示例如下:

(1)编写JavaCollection

package com.tutorialspoint;
import java.util.*;

public class JavaCollection {
   List addressList;
   Set  addressSet;
   Map  addressMap;
   Properties addressProp;

   // a setter method to set List
   public void setAddressList(List addressList) {
      this.addressList = addressList;
   }
   
   // prints and returns all the elements of the list.
   public List getAddressList() {
      System.out.println("List Elements :"  + addressList);
      return addressList;
   }
   
   // a setter method to set Set
   public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) {
      this.addressSet = addressSet;
   }
   
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Set.
   public Set getAddressSet() {
      System.out.println("Set Elements :"  + addressSet);
      return addressSet;
   }
   
   // a setter method to set Map
   public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) {
      this.addressMap = addressMap;
   }
   
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Map.
   public Map getAddressMap() {
      System.out.println("Map Elements :"  + addressMap);
      return addressMap;
   }
   
   // a setter method to set Property
   public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) {
      this.addressProp = addressProp;
   }
   
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Property.
   public Properties getAddressProp() {
      System.out.println("Property Elements :"  + addressProp);
      return addressProp;
   }
}

(2)编写Beans.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd">

 <!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
   <bean id = "javaCollection" class = "com.tutorialspoint.JavaCollection">
      
      <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
      <property name = "addressList">
         <list>
            <value>INDIA</value>
            <value>Pakistan</value>
            <value>USA</value>
            <value>USA</value>
         </list>
      </property>

      <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
      <property name = "addressSet">
         <set>
            <value>INDIA</value>
            <value>Pakistan</value>
            <value>USA</value>
            <value>USA</value>
         </set>
      </property>

      <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
      <property name = "addressMap">
         <map>
            <entry key = "1" value = "INDIA"/>
            <entry key = "2" value = "Pakistan"/>
            <entry key = "3" value = "USA"/>
            <entry key = "4" value = "USA"/>
         </map>
      </property>
      
      <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
      <property name = "addressProp">
         <props>
            <prop key = "one">INDIA</prop>
            <prop key = "one">INDIA</prop>
            <prop key = "two">Pakistan</prop>
            <prop key = "three">USA</prop>
            <prop key = "four">USA</prop>
         </props>
      </property>
   </bean>
   
</beans>

 (3)编写MainApp.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
              ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
              JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean("javaCollection");

              jc.getAddressList();
              jc.getAddressSet();
              jc.getAddressMap();
              jc.getAddressProp();
           }
}

(4)运行MainApp.java中的main方法

结果如下: