HttpClient测试框架

HttpClient是模拟Http协议客户端请求的一种技术，可以发送Get/Post等请求。 所以在学习HttpClient测试框架之前，先来看一下Http协议请求，主要看请求头信息。

如何查看HTTP协议请求头信息：  打开浏览器-->输入任意一个网址-->按下F12 打开开发者工具-->Network-->刷新页面，可以在Network看到有Get或者post请求的URL，点击URL，可以看到该请求的Header/Cookies/Response等信息

例如我们打开www.baidu.com,查看它某个请求的信息，如下：

常用的请求头和响应头信息解释：

下面通过一个简单的例子学习HttpClient

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MyHttpClient {

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String result;
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/getCookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
           
            CookieStore cookieStore =   client.getCookieStore();
            List<Cookie> cookies =cookieStore.getCookies();
            System.out.println(cookies.size());
            for(Cookie c :cookies) {//get Cookies info
                System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Run TestNG Test, 可以看到返回的result是HTML源码。这个是通过HttpClient Get请求方法实现的简单例子。下面结合Mock模拟数据，学习如何使用HttpClient。

Mock一个返回Cookies信息的请求：

{
   "description":"This get request with cookies return",
   "request":{
       "uri":"/getCookies",
       "method":"get"
   },
   "response":{
       "cookies":{
         "login":"true"
       },
       "text":"This is response with cookies"
   }
  }

具体如何Mock数据可以参考上一篇文章《Mock接口平台Moco学习》.

我们已经知道如何从服务端获取 Cookie信息了，那下一步学习客户端如何使用拿到的Cookie信息。

首先在Mock一个接口，这是携带/getCookies 接口返回的Cookies信息Get请求的接口：

{
   "description":"This is Get request with cookies",
   "request":{
       "uri":"/get/with/cookies",
       "method":"get",
       "cookies":{
          "login":"true"
       }
   },
   "response":{
       "text":"This is response for get request with cookies"
   }
 }

完整的代码：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MyHttpClient {
    private CookieStore cookieStore;

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String result;
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/getCookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("result=" + result);
            cookieStore = client.getCookieStore();
            List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
            System.out.println(cookies.size());
            for (Cookie c : cookies) {
                System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Test(dependsOnMethods = { "test1" })
    public void testGetWithCookie() {
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/get/with/cookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        // Set cookie info
        client.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            // get response status
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            // statusCode = 200 / 404 / 502.....
            System.out.println("Status = " + statusCode);
            if (statusCode == 200) {
                // Success
                String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                System.out.println("result=" + result);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

HttpClient Post请求的实现：

首先还是Mock一个post请求

{ 
   "description":"This is Post request with cookies",
   "request":{
       "uri":"/post/with/cookies",
       "method":"post",
       "cookies":{
          "login":"true"
       },
       "json":{
           "name":"zhangsan",
           "age":"18"
       }
   },
   "response":{
       "status":200,
       "json":{
          "zhangsan":"success",
           "status":"1"
       }
   }
  }

完整的Post请求代码：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class MyCookiesForPost {
    private CookieStore cookieStore;

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String result;
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8888/getCookies");
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        try {
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);
            result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("result=" + result);
            cookieStore = client.getCookieStore();
            List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
            System.out.println(cookies.size());
            for (Cookie c : cookies) {
                System.out.println(c.getName() + ":" + c.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    @Test(dependsOnMethods = { "test1" })
    public void testPostWithCookie() {
        //1. Define a client to excute
        //2. Define a post method
        //3. Add pamarater
        //4. Set request header info; set cookie inof
        //5. Execute
        //6. Get and handle Result
        //7. assert result
        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8888/post/with/cookies");
        JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
        param.put("name", "zhangsan");
        param.put("age", "18");
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param.toString(),"utf-8");
        post.setEntity(entity);
        post.addHeader("content-type", "application/json");
        client.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
        try {
           HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
            String  result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("result=" + result);
            JSONObject object = new JSONObject(result);
            System.out.println("zhangsan=" + object.getString("zhangsan"));
            System.out.println("status=" + object.getString("status"));
            String actualResult = object.getString("zhangsan");
            Assert.assertEquals(actualResult,"success");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

代码优化: 在实际的测试过程当中，我们一般不会直接将请求地址写在请求对象当中。而是定义在配置文件中，然后在代码中引用。具体用法如下。

创建一个.properties文件，如config.properties:

test.url=http://localhost:8888

然后在代码中读取该config.properties，并获取相应的地址：

    private ResourceBundle bundle;
    private String url;
   
    @BeforeTest
    public void beforeTest() {
        bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("config");
        url = bundle.getString("test.url");
    }

以上是HttpClient的常见用法和其中一个优化方案。

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