学生管理系统（数据库、java基础、DBCP）

1、项目分层

• view层：视图层
• controller层：控制层
• service层：业务层
• dao层：数据库访问层
• domain：实体包
• tools：工具类

2、jar包

3、配置文件

4、程序设计

（1）domain包，主要存放javabean

package pers.zhb.student.domain;

public class Course {
    private String courseno;
    private String cname;
    private String type;
    private float credit;

    public Course() {

    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Course [courseno=" + courseno + ", cname=" + cname + ", type="
                + type + ", credit=" + credit + "]";
    }

    public String getCourseno() {
        return courseno;
    }

    public void setCourseno(String courseno) {
        this.courseno = courseno;
    }

    public String getCname() {
        return cname;
    }

    public void setCname(String cname) {
        this.cname = cname;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public float getCredit() {
        return credit;
    }

    public void setCredit(float credit) {
        this.credit = credit;
    }

}

package pers.zhb.student.domain;

public class Log {
private String account;
private String password;
public String getAccount() {
    return account;
}
public void setAccount(String account) {
    this.account = account;
}
public String getPassword() {
    return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
    this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
    return "Log [account=" + account + ", password=" + password + "]";
}

}

package pers.zhb.student.domain;

public class Score {
    private String classno;
    private String classname;

    public String getClassno() {
        return classno;
    }

    public void setClassno(String classno) {
        this.classno = classno;
    }

    public String getClassname() {
        return classname;
    }

    public void setClassname(String classname) {
        this.classname = classname;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Score [classno=" + classno + ", classname=" + classname + "]";
    }

}

package pers.zhb.student.domain;

public class Student {
    private String studentno;
    private String sname;
    private String sex;
    private String birthday;
    private String classno;
    private float point;

    public String getStudentno() {
        return studentno;
    }

    public void setStudentno(String studentno) {
        this.studentno = studentno;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getClassno() {
        return classno;
    }

    public void setClassno(String classno) {
        this.classno = classno;
    }

    public float getPoint() {
        return point;
    }

    public void setPoint(float point) {
        this.point = point;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    private String phone;
    private String email;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [studentno=" + studentno + ", sname=" + sname
                + ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", classno="
                + classno + ", point=" + point + ", phone=" + phone
                + ", email=" + email + "]";
    }
}

定义了学生、班级、分数等的属性和方法。

（2）dao层：

package pers.zhb.student.dao;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

import pers.zhb.student.domain.Log;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Score;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Student;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Course;
import pers.zhb.student.tools.JDBCUtils;

public class StudentDao {
    BasicDataSource datasource = JDBCUtils.getDataSource();
    private QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(datasource);

    // 注册
    public void register(Log reg) {
        try {
            String sql = "INSERT INTO Login(account,password) VALUES(?,?)";
            Object[] params = { reg.getAccount(), reg.getPassword() };
            qr.update(sql, params);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    // 登录
    public List<Log> Login() {// 每一条记录封装到JavaBean中，再将JavaBean放入List集合
        try {
            String sql = "select * from Login";
            List<Log> list = qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Log>(Log.class));

            return list;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
            throw new RuntimeException("学生信息查询失败");
        }

    }

    // 添加学生信息
    public void addStudent(Student stu) {
        try {
            String sql = "INSERT INTO student(studentno,sname,sex,birthday,classno,point,phone,email) VALUES(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
            Object[] params = { stu.getStudentno(), stu.getSname(),
                    stu.getSex(), stu.getBirthday(), stu.getClassno(),
                    stu.getPoint(), stu.getPhone(), stu.getEmail() };
            qr.update(sql, params);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    // 删除学生信息
    public void deleteStudent(String snum) {
        try {

            String sql = "DELETE from Student where studentno =?";
            Object[] delete = { snum };
            qr.update(sql, delete);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    // 修改学生信息
    public void updataStudent(Student stu) {
        try {
            String sql = "Update Student set sname=?,sex=?,birthday=?,classno=?,point=?,phone=?,email=? Where studentno=?";
            Object[] update = { stu.getSname(), stu.getSex(),
                    stu.getBirthday(), stu.getClassno(), stu.getPoint(),
                    stu.getPhone(), stu.getEmail(), stu.getStudentno(), };
            qr.update(sql, update);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    // 查询全部学生信息,单表查询
    public List<Student> selectAllStudent() {// 每一条记录封装到JavaBean中，再将JavaBean放入List集合
        try {
            String sql = "select * from Student";
            List<Student> list = qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Student>(
                    Student.class));

            return list;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
            throw new RuntimeException("学生信息查询失败");
        }

    }

    // 查询学分在2到5之间的课程号、课程名、课程类型，并将查询结果按课程类型升序排列，同一类型的课程按学分降序排列
    public List<Course> selectCourse() {// 每一条记录封装到JavaBean中，再将JavaBean放入List集合
        try {
            String sql = "select courseno,cname,type,credit from course where credit between 2 and 5 order by type asc ,credit desc";
            List<Course> list = qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Course>(
                    Course.class));
            return list;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
            throw new RuntimeException("课程信息查询失败");
        }

    }

    // 查询计算机学院各个班级的编号、名称，如果平均值低于700则不显示,多表连接
    public List<Score> selectScore() {// 每一条记录封装到JavaBean中，再将JavaBean放入List集合
        try {
            String sql = "select  class.classno,class.classname from class,student  where student.classno=class.classno and class.department='计算机学院' group by student.classno,class.classname,class.classno having AVG(point)>=700";
            List<Score> list = qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Score>(
                    Score.class));
            return list;
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
            throw new RuntimeException("信息查询失败");
        }

    }

}

该层主要是对数据库的操作，通过sql语句实现对数据库的增删改查操作，从而实现对学生信息的管理。

（3）Service层：

package pers.zhb.student.services;

import java.util.List;

import pers.zhb.student.dao.StudentDao;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Course;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Log;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Student;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Score;

public class StudentService {
    private StudentDao dao = new StudentDao();

    public List<Log> Login() {
        return dao.Login();
    }

    public void register(Log reg) {
        dao.register(reg);
    }

    public void addStudent(Student stu) {
        dao.addStudent(stu);
    }

    public void deleteStudent(String snum) {
        dao.deleteStudent(snum);
    }

    public void updataStudent(Student stu) {
        dao.updataStudent(stu);
    }

    public List<Student> selectAllStudent() {
        return dao.selectAllStudent();
    }

    public List<Course> selectCourse() {
        return dao.selectCourse();
    }

    public List<Score> selectScore() {
        return dao.selectScore();
    }

    public boolean checkPassword(String str) {
        boolean b = str.matches("[a-zA-Z_0-9]{6}");
        return b;
    }

}

4、Controller层

package pers.zhb.student.controller;

import java.util.List;

import pers.zhb.student.domain.Course;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Log;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Student;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Score;
import pers.zhb.student.services.StudentService;

public class StudentController {
    private StudentService service = new StudentService();
    public void register(Log reg){
        service.register(reg);
    }
    public List<Log> Login() {
    return service.Login();    
    }
    public void addStudent(Student stu) {
        service.addStudent(stu);
    }

    public void deleteStudent(String snum) {
        service.deleteStudent(snum);
    }

    public void updataStudent(Student stu, String studentno) {
        service.updataStudent(stu);
    }

    public List<Student> selectAllStudent() {
        return service.selectAllStudent();
    }
    public List<Course> selectCourse() {
        return service.selectCourse();
    }
    public List<Score> selectScore() {
        return service.selectScore();
    }
    
}

（5）视图层

package pers.zhb.student.view;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

import pers.zhb.student.controller.StudentController;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Course;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Log;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Score;
import pers.zhb.student.domain.Student;
import pers.zhb.student.services.StudentService;

public class MainView {
    private StudentController controller = new StudentController();
    private StudentService service = new StudentService();

    public void run() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        while (true) {
            System.out.println();
            System.out.println("============欢迎登录学生管理系统============");
            System.out.println("1:增加学生信息");
            System.out.println("2:删除学生信息");
            System.out.println("3:修改学生信息");
            System.out.println("4:查询学生信息");
            System.out.println("5:退出");
            System.out.println("请您输入要操作的功能序号:");

            int choose = sc.nextInt();

            switch (choose) {
            case 1:
                addStudent();
                break;
            case 2:
                deleteStudent();
                break;
            case 3:
                updataStudent();
                break;
            case 4:
                select();
                break;
            case 5:
                System.out.println("您已退出学生信息管理系统。");
                System.exit(0);
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入有误");
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    public void select() {// 学生查询、课程查询、
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true) {
            System.out.println();
            System.out.println("============欢迎进入学生信息查询页面============");
            System.out.println("1:查询所有学生信息");
            System.out.println("2:查询学分在2到5之间的课程号、课程名、课程类型");
            System.out.println("3:查询计算机学院各个班级的编号、名称，如果平均值低于700则不显示");
            System.out.println("4:进入主页面");
            System.out.println("请您输入要操作的功能序号:");
            int choose = sc.nextInt();
            switch (choose) {
            case 1:
                selectAll();
                break;
            case 2:
                selectCourse();
                break;
            case 3:
                selectScore();
                break;
            case 4:
                run();
            }
        }
    }

    public void register() {// 注册
        System.out.println("a:新用户");
        System.out.println("b:老用户");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String registerChoose = sc.next();
        if (registerChoose.equals("a")) {
            Log l = new Log();
            System.out.println("请输入账号：");
            l.setAccount(sc.next());
            System.out.println("请输入六位密码(字母、数字、下划线)：");
            String password=sc.next();
            
            if(service.checkPassword(password)){
            l.setPassword(password);    
            }
            else{
                System.out.println("密码的格式不正确");
                System.exit(0);
            }
            service.register(l);
            System.out.println("您已注册成功");
        }
        if (registerChoose.equals("b")) {
            Login();
        }
    }

    public void Login() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入账号");
        String account = sc.next();
        System.out.println("请输入密码");
        String password = sc.next();
        Iterator<Log> listIt = service.Login().iterator();// 获取集合的实现类对象，并调用集合的iterator()
        while (listIt.hasNext()) {
            Log l = listIt.next();
            if (account.equals(l.getAccount())
                    && password.equals(l.getPassword())) {
                System.out.println(l.getAccount() + "，" + "您已登录成功");
                run();
            }
        }
        Iterator<Log> listIt1 = service.Login().iterator();// 获取集合的实现类对象，并调用集合的iterator()
        while (listIt1.hasNext()) {
            Log l = listIt1.next();
            if (account.equals(l.getAccount()) == true
                    || password.equals(l.getPassword()) == false) {
                System.out.println("登录失败");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }

    }

    public void addStudent() {// 添加学生信息
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        Student stu = new Student();
        System.out.println("请输入学号：");
        stu.setStudentno(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入姓名：");
        stu.setSname(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入性别");
        stu.setSex(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入出生日期");
        stu.setBirthday(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入班级编号");
        stu.setClassno(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入入学成绩");
        stu.setPoint(sc.nextFloat());
        System.out.println("请输入联系电话");
        stu.setPhone(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入电子邮箱");
        stu.setEmail(sc.next());
        service.addStudent(stu);
        System.out.println(stu.getSname() + "的信息添加成功");

    }

    public void deleteStudent() {// 删除某一个学生的信息
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的学生的学号");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String snum = sc.next();
        service.deleteStudent(snum);
        System.out.println("学号为" + snum + "的学生信息删除成功");
    }

    public void updataStudent() {// 修改学生信息
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        Student stu = new Student();
        System.out.println("请输入学号：");
        stu.setStudentno(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入新的姓名：");
        stu.setSname(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入新的性别");
        stu.setSex(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入新的出生日期");
        stu.setBirthday(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入新的班级编号");
        stu.setClassno(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入新的入学成绩");
        stu.setPoint(sc.nextFloat());
        System.out.println("请输入新的联系电话");
        stu.setPhone(sc.next());
        System.out.println("请输入新的电子邮箱");
        stu.setEmail(sc.next());
        service.updataStudent(stu);

    }

    public void selectAll() {// 查询所有
        List<Student> list = controller.selectAllStudent();
        if (list.size()!= 0)
            print(list);
        else
            System.out.println("没有查询到数据");
    }

    private void print(List<Student> list) {// 查询所有
        System.out.println("全部学生信息：");
        for (Student students : list) {
            System.out.println(students);
        }
    }

    public void selectCourse() {// 查询课程
        List<Course> list = controller.selectCourse();
        if (list.size() != 0)
            printCourse(list);
        else
            System.out.println("没有查询到数据");
    }

    private void printCourse(List<Course> list) {// 查询课程
        System.out
                .println("学分在2到5之间的课程号、课程名、课程类型，并将查询结果按课程类型升序排列，同一类型的课程按学分降序排列：");
        for (Course courses : list) {
            System.out.println(courses);
        }
    }

    public void selectScore() {// 查询分数
        List<Score> list = controller.selectScore();
        if (list.size() != 0)
            printScore(list);
        else
            System.out.println("没有查询到数据");
    }

    private void printScore(List<Score> list) {// 查询分数
        System.out.println("查询计算机学院各个班级的编号、名称，如果平均值低于700则不显示:");
        for (Score scores : list) {
            System.out.println(scores);
        }
    }

}

（6）工具类

package pers.zhb.student.tools;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;

public class JDBCUtils {
    private static BasicDataSource datasource = new BasicDataSource();
    /*
     * BasicDataSource类，实现了datasource接口
     */

    static {// 静态代码块,对象BasicDataSource对象中的配置,自定义

        InputStream in = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("DB.properties");
        Properties pro = new Properties();
        try {
            pro.load(in);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 数据库基本的连接信息，必须要设置（必须项）
        datasource.setDriverClassName(pro.getProperty("driver"));
        datasource.setUrl(pro.getProperty("url"));
        datasource.setUsername(pro.getProperty("username"));
        datasource.setPassword(pro.getProperty("password"));
        // 对象连接池中的连接数量配置,可以不设置（基本项）
        datasource.setInitialSize(0);// 初始化的连接数
        datasource.setMaxActive(997);// 最大连接数量
        datasource.setMaxIdle(10);// 最大空闲数
        datasource.setMinIdle(5);// 最小空闲
    }

    // 返回BasicDataSource类的对象
    public static BasicDataSource getDataSource() {
        return datasource;
    }
}

这里用到的是DBCP连接池，用之前需要导入包，工具类从配置文件获取创建连接需要的数据，配置文件有利于对数据库连接参数的修改。

（7）主函数

package pers.zhb.StudentMangemrent;

import pers.zhb.student.view.MainView;


public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MainView mainWay=new MainView();
        mainWay.register();
        mainWay.run();// MainView类的匿名对象调用方法
    }
}

5、程序分析

（1）登录时如果选择老用户，表明已经注册，Login数据表中已经有该用户的信息，可以直接登陆，否则需要注册，将数据放入数据库。

（2）通过正则规则，限制了密码必须为字母数字、下划线的六位字符串。因为用户名被设置为主键，所以用户名不能重复。

（3）对连接池和工具类的运用，减少了代码的重复率，方便了数据库的连接。

（4）通过sql语句，实现了增删改查，其中查询涉及单表和多表查询。

6、测试结果

将数据库与学生管理系统结合，实现了系统的注册、登录，增删改查的操作。