1. 下载MySQL软件
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads
2. 解压缩
cd /usr/local
tar xzvf /tmp/mysql-5.6.31-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local
mv mysql-5.6.31-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
3. 创建MySQL用户
useradd mysql
id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)
4. 创建数据目录
数据存放目录：/data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data, logs,tmp}
mkdir –p /data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data,logs,tmp}
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
5. 添加环境变量
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
6. 编辑 my.cnf
[client] user = root password = 'Abc_1234' port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] # CLIENT # port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock default_character_set = utf8 prompt="u@h:p R:m:s [d]>" [mysqld] # GENERAL # user = mysql default_storage_engine = InnoDB character_set_server = utf8mb4 socket = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock pid_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysqld.pid server_id = 1001 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 back_log = 500 # MyISAM # key_buffer_size = 32M myisam_recover_options = FORCE,BACKUP # SAFETY # max_allowed_packet = 32M max_connect_errors = 100000 sql_mode = NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION innodb = FORCE # TIMEOUT # interactive_timeout = 600 wait_timeout = 600 # DATA STORAGE # datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data # BINARY LOG # log_bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql_bin expire_logs_days = 15 sync_binlog = 1 binlog_format = ROW log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1 binlog_cache_size = 4M max_binlog_size = 1G # RELAY LOG # relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/relay_bin max_relay_log_size = 1G relay_log_info_repository = TABLE master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_recovery = 1 # REPLICATI # gtid_mode = 1 enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1 log_slave_updates = 1 sync_relay_log = 10000 sync_relay_log_info = 10000 sync_master_info = 1 #slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors # SLAVE # #read_only = 1 slave_net_timeout = 60 #skip_slave_start = 1 slave_pending_jobs_size_max = 64M # CACHES AND LIMITS # tmp_table_size = 64M max_heap_table_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_size = 0 max_connections = 500 thread_cache_size = 50 open_files_limit = 65535 table_definition_cache = 4096 table_open_cache = 4096 # INNODB # innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 4 innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 8G innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_undo_logs = 128 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 innodb_purge_threads = 4 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 innodb_strict_mode = 1 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 64M innodb_flush_neighbors = 1 # 固态硬盘可以设置为0 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1 # LOGGING # log_error = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql_error.log log_error_verbosity = 1 slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/logs/mysql_slow.log max_slowlog_size = 1G log_queries_not_using_indexes = 0 log_warnings = 2 long_query_time = 1 log_slow_admin_statements = 1 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 min_examined_row_limit = 100000
mysql加载my.cnf的顺序
使用mysql --verbose --help | grep my.cnf命令可以查看mysql加载配置文件都顺序
/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf --> /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf --> ~/.my.cnf
最后面的变量覆盖前面都变量
mysql --print-defaults
查看mysql当前的配置参数
mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
指定读取哪个配置文件
7. 初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql/ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf Installing MySQL system tables...2016-06-04 15:19:37 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.31-log) starting as process 3305 ... OK Filling help tables...2016-06-04 15:19:43 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.31-log) starting as process 3328 ... OK …………
看到两个OK，证明mysql安装成功。再查看/data/mysql/msyql_3306/data/error.log，确认没有报错。
MySQL5.7 使用 mysqld 初始化数据库，mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
8. 启动MySQL
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld service mysqld start Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
看到OK，证明mysql启动成功。
查看MySQL进程是否存在及监听端口
ps axu|grep mysql root 3382 0.0 0.1 11468 1380 pts/1 S 15:24 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/mysql.pid mysql 4320 0.4 55.9 1160676 570620 pts/1 Sl 15:24 0:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/mysql.pid --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 root 4371 0.0 0.0 103252 840 pts/1 S+ 15:28 0:00 grep mysql netstat -nalp|grep "3306" tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 4320/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 33638 4320/mysqld /data/mysql/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock lsof -n -i:3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 4320 mysql 14u IPv6 33637 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
service mysqld start --> mysqld_safe --> mysqld
service mysqld start 调用 mysqld_safe, mysqld_safe再调用mysqld
9. 删除无用账号
delete from mysql.user where user!='root' or host!='localhost'; select user,host,password from mysql.user; +------+-----------+----------+ | user | host | password | +------+-----------+----------+ | root | localhost | | truncate table mysql.db;