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  • vue3 + elementplus 教程

    一. 初始化

    安装@vue/cli  , 

    • -g: 全局安装 vue-cli
    npm install @vue/cli -g

    或者

    yarn global add @vue/cli

    二. 创建项目

    vue create 项目名

     进行项目初始化

    D:\workspace\test>vue create element-plus-test
    ?  Your connection to the default npm registry seems to be slow.
       Use https://registry.npm.taobao.org for faster installation? (Y/n)y

    是否使用淘宝镜像进行快速安装

    Vue CLI v4.5.15
    ? Please pick a preset: (Use arrow keys)
      Default ([Vue 2] babel, eslint)
      Default (Vue 3) ([Vue 3] babel, eslint)
    > Manually select features

    Manually select features【选择手动配置】 

    Vue CLI v4.5.15
    ? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
    ? Check the features needed for your project:
     (*) Choose Vue version
     (*) Babel
     (*) TypeScript
    >( ) Progressive Web App (PWA) Support
     (*) Router
     (*) Vuex
     (*) CSS Pre-processors
     (*) Linter / Formatter
     ( ) Unit Testing
     ( ) E2E Testing

    Check the features needed for your project (选择你项目需要添加的功能)  ;

    • Choose Vue Version: 选择vue版本
    • Babel:转码器,可以将ES6代码转为ES5代码,从而在现有环境执行。
    • TypeScript:TypeScript是一个JavaScript(后缀.js)的超集(后缀.ts)包含并扩展了 JavaScript 的语法,需要被编译输出为 JavaScript在浏览器运行
    • Progressive Web App (PWA) Support:渐进式Web应用程序
    • Router:vue-router(vue路由)
    • Vuex:vuex(vue的状态管理模式)
    • CSS Pre-processors:css预处理器(如:less、sass)
    • LinterFormatter:代码风格检查和格式化(如:ESlint)
    • Unit Testing:单元测试(unit tests)
    • E2E Testing:e2e(end to end) 测试
    Vue CLI v4.5.15
    ? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
    ? Check the features needed for your project: Choose Vue version, Babel, TS, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processors, Linter
    ? Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with
      2.x
    > 3.x

    Choose a version of Vue.js that you want to start the project with (选择项目使用的vue版本),选择3.x 

    ? Use class-style component syntax? (y/N) y

     是否使用Class风格装饰器?如果在项目中想要保持使用TypeScript的class风格的话,建议选择y

    即原本是:home = new Vue()创建vue实例
    使用装饰器后:class home extends Vue{}

    ? Use Babel alongside TypeScript (required for modern mode, auto-detected polyfills, transpiling JSX)? (Y/n) y

     使用Babel与TypeScript一起用于自动检测的填充? yes 

    ? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallback in production) (Y/n) y

     路由使用历史模式? 这种模式充分利用 history.pushState API 来完成 URL 跳转而无须重新加载页面

    ? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are supported by default): Less

    Pick a CSS pre-processor : (选择一个CSS预处理器)  ,这里选择 less 

    ? Pick a linter / formatter config: (Use arrow keys)
    > ESLint with error prevention only
      ESLint + Airbnb config
      ESLint + Standard config
      ESLint + Prettier
      TSLint (deprecated)

    Pick a linter / formatter config (选择一个格式化配置),选择:ESLint + Standard config 

    • ESLint with error prevention only:  只进行报错提醒; 
    • ESLint + Airbnb config: 不严谨模式;
    • ESLint + Standard config: 标准模式;
    • ESLint + Prettier: 严格模式;
    • TSLint (deprecated): typescript格式验证工具
    ? Pick additional lint features: (Press <space> to select, <a> to toggle all, <i> to invert selection)
    >(*) Lint on save
     ( ) Lint and fix on commit (requires Git)

    代码检查方式:选择保存时检查

    ? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? (Use arrow keys)
      In dedicated config files
    > In package.json

    Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, ESLint, etc.? 选择:In package.json ,

    vue-cli 一般来讲是将所有的依赖目录放在package.json文件里

    ? Save this as a preset for future projects? (y/N) n

    是否在以后的项目中使用以上配置?n

    然后等待安装。。。。 

    Vue CLI v4.5.15
    ✨  Creating project in D:\workspace\test\element-plus-test.
    ⚙️  Installing CLI plugins. This might take a while...
    
    
    added 1327 packages in 22s
    
    16 packages are looking for funding
      run `npm fund` for details
      Invoking generators...
      Installing additional dependencies...
    
    
    added 169 packages in 7s
    
    26 packages are looking for funding
      run `npm fund` for details
    ⚓  Running completion hooks...
    
      Generating README.md...
    
      Successfully created project element-plus-test.
      Get started with the following commands:
    
     $ cd element-plus-test
     $ npm run serve

     项目创建成功。

    三. vue3项目结构介绍 

    结构

    |-node_modules -- 所有的项目依赖包都放在这个目录下

    |-public -- 公共文件夹

    ---|favicon.ico -- 网站的显示图标

    ---|index.html -- 入口的html文件

    |-src -- 源文件目录,编写的代码基本都在这个目录下

    ---|assets -- 放置静态文件的目录,比如logo.pn就放在这里

    ---|components -- Vue的组件文件,自定义的组件都会放到这

    ---|router -- vue-router路由文件。index.ts中引入views包下的*.vue

    ---|store -- 是vuex的文件,主要用于项目里边的一些状态保存。比如state、actions等

    ---|views -- 用于存放我们写好的各种页面,即路由组件,比如Login.vue,Home.vue

    ---|App.vue -- 根组件,这个在Vue2中也有

    ---|main.ts -- 入口文件,因为采用了TypeScript所以是ts结尾

    ---|shims-vue.d.ts -- 类文件(也叫定义文件),因为.vue结尾的文件在ts中不认可,所以要有定义文件

    |-.browserslistrc -- 在不同前端工具之间公用目标浏览器和node版本的配置文件,作用是设置兼容性

    |-.eslintrc.js -- Eslint的配置文件,不用作过多介绍

    |-.gitignore -- 用来配置那些文件不归git管理

    |-babel.config.js --工具链,主要用于在当前和较旧的浏览器或环境中将ES6的代码转换向后兼容

    |-package.json -- 命令配置和包管理文件

    |-README.md -- 项目的说明文件,使用markdown语法进行编写

    |-tsconfig.json -- 关于TypoScript的配置文件

    四. 集成element-plus

    npm install element-plus --save

    现在的package.json

    {
      "name": "element-plus-test",
      "version": "0.1.0",
      "private": true,
      "scripts": {
        "serve": "vue-cli-service serve",
        "build": "vue-cli-service build",
        "lint": "vue-cli-service lint"
      },
      "dependencies": {
        "axios": "^0.24.0",
        "core-js": "^3.6.5",
        "element-plus": "^1.2.0-beta.3",
        "vue": "^3.0.0",
        "vue-class-component": "^8.0.0-0",
        "vue-router": "^4.0.0-0",
        "vuex": "^4.0.0-0"
      },
      "devDependencies": {
        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^4.18.0",
        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^4.18.0",
        "@vue/cli-plugin-babel": "~4.5.0",
        "@vue/cli-plugin-eslint": "~4.5.0",
        "@vue/cli-plugin-router": "~4.5.0",
        "@vue/cli-plugin-typescript": "~4.5.0",
        "@vue/cli-plugin-vuex": "~4.5.0",
        "@vue/cli-service": "~4.5.0",
        "@vue/compiler-sfc": "^3.0.0",
        "@vue/eslint-config-standard": "^5.1.2",
        "@vue/eslint-config-typescript": "^7.0.0",
        "eslint": "^6.7.2",
        "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.20.2",
        "eslint-plugin-node": "^11.1.0",
        "eslint-plugin-promise": "^4.2.1",
        "eslint-plugin-standard": "^4.0.0",
        "eslint-plugin-vue": "^7.0.0",
        "less": "^3.0.4",
        "less-loader": "^5.0.0",
        "typescript": "~4.1.5"
      },
      "eslintConfig": {
        "root": true,
        "env": {
          "node": true
        },
        "extends": [
          "plugin:vue/vue3-essential",
          "@vue/standard",
          "@vue/typescript/recommended"
        ],
        "parserOptions": {
          "ecmaVersion": 2020
        },
        "rules": {}
      },
      "browserslist": [
        "> 1%",
        "last 2 versions",
        "not dead"
      ]
    }

    下面修改main.ts 

    import { createApp } from 'vue'
    import App from './App.vue'
    import router from './router'
    import store from './store'
    import ElementPlus from 'element-plus' // 引入element-plus
    import 'element-plus/theme-chalk/index.css' // 引入element-plus的样式

    createApp(App)
    .use(store)
    .use(router)
    .use(ElementPlus, { zIndex: 3000, size: 'small' }) // 使用element-plus
    .mount('#app')

    修改App.vue页面,增加一个element-plus按钮显示

    <template>
      <div id="nav">
        <router-link to="/">Home</router-link> |
        <router-link to="/about">About</router-link>
      </div>
    <!-- element-plus按钮 --> <el-button type="primary">hello element-plus</el-button> <router-view/> </template>

    运行,如图

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zsg88/p/15583275.html
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