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  • Django实现组合搜索的方法示例

     

    一、实现方法

    1.纯模板语言实现

    2.自定义simpletag实现（本质是简化了纯模板语言的判断）

     

    二、基本原理

    原理都是通过django路由系统，匹配url筛选条件，将筛选条件作为数据库查询结果，返回给前端。

    例如：路由系统中的url格式是这样：

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    url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>d+)-(?P<category_id>d+).html',views.filter)

    其中article_type_id和category_id和数据库中字段是相对应的，此时当一个url为article-1-2.html时候，后台处理函数的参数将是一个字典{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}，然后将该条件作为数据库查询条件，最后得出结果返回给前端

     

    三、代码样例

     

    方法1：纯模板语言实现

    urls.py

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    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
    #Author:wd
    from django.conf.urls import url
     
    from . import views
    urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^$',views.index),
      url(r'^article-(?P<article_type_id>d+)-(?P<category_id>d+).html',views.filter),
    ]

    models.py

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    from django.db import models
     
    class Category(models.Model):
      caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)
     
    class Article_type(models.Model):
      caption=models.CharField(max_length=64)
     
    class Article(models.Model):
      title=models.CharField(max_length=64)
      content=models.CharField(max_length=256)
      category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')
      article_type=models.ForeignKey(to='Article_type'

    views.py

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    def filter(request,*args,**kwargs):
      if request.method=="GET":
        condition={}
        for k,v in kwargs.items():
              kwargs[k]=int(v) #模板if判断row.id是数字，所以这里需要转换
              if v=="0":#当条件为0代表所选的是全部，那么就不必要加入到过滤条件中
                pass
              else:
                condition[k]=int(v)
        aritcle=models.Article.objects.filter(**condition)
        aritcle_type=models.Article_type.objects.all()
        aritcle_category=models.Category.objects.all()
        return render(request,'search.html',{
          'aritcle':aritcle,
          'article_type':aritcle_type,
          'article_category':aritcle_category,
          'article_arg':kwargs,#将当前的筛选条件传递给html
        })

    html模板

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    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <title>Title</title>
      <style>
        .container a{
          display: inline-block;
          padding: 3px 5px;
          margin: 5px;
          border: 1px solid #dddddd ;
        }
        .active{
          
     
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>搜索条件</h1>
    <div class="container">
      {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}
        <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
      {% else %}
         <a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
      {% endif %}
      {% for row in article_type %}
        {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
          <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% else %}
          <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% endif %}
      {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <div class="container">
       {% if article_arg.category_id == 0 %}
        <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
      {% else %}
         <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
      {% endif %}
      {% for row in article_category %}
        {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}
        <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% else %}
        <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% endif %}
      {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <h1>查询结果</h1>
    <div>
      {% for row in aritcle %}
        <div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>
      {% endfor %}
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>
     

    方法二：使用simpletag实现

    定义simpletag

    myfilter.py

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    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    #_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
    #Author:wd
    from django import template
    from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
     
    register=template.Library()
    @register.simple_tag
    def filter_all(article_arg,condition):
      '''
      处理条件为全部
      :param article_arg: 当前url字典：如{'article_type_id': 1, 'category_id': 1}
      :param condition: 要处理的条件，如article_type_id，用于区分当前处理选择了那个全部
      :return: 返回下面页面形式
      {% if article_arg.article_type_id == 0 %}
        <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
      {% else %}
         <a href="/cmdb/article-0-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>
      {% endif %}
      {% for row in article_type %}
        {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
          <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% else %}
          <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% endif %}
      {% endfor %}
      '''
      if condition=='article_type_id':
        if article_arg[condition]==0:
          print(article_arg['category_id'])
          res= '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']
        else:
          res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-0-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['category_id']
        return mark_safe(res)
      elif condition=='category_id':
        if article_arg['category_id']==0:
          res = '<a class ="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']
        else:
          res = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-0.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >全部</a>' % article_arg['article_type_id']
        return mark_safe(res)
     
    @register.simple_tag
    def filter_type(article_type,article_arg):
      '''
      :param article_type: article_type对象
      :param article_arg: 当前url字典
      :return:
      {% for row in article_type %}
        {% if row.id == article_arg.article_type_id %}
          <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% else %}
          <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ row.id }}-{{ article_arg.category_id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% endif %}
      {% endfor %}
       '''
      res=[]
      for row in article_type:
        if row.id== article_arg['article_type_id']:
          temp='<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(row.id,article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)
        else:
          temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (row.id, article_arg['category_id'],row.caption)
        res.append(temp)
      return mark_safe("".join(res))
     
    @register.simple_tag
    def filter_category(article_category,article_arg):
      '''
      :param article_type: article_category对象
      :param article_arg: 当前url字典
      :return:
      {% for row in article_category %}
        {% if row.id == article_arg.category_id %}
        <a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% else %}
        <a href="/cmdb/article-{{ article_arg.article_type_id }}-{{ row.id }}.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >{{ row.caption }}</a>
        {% endif %}
      {% endfor %}
       '''
      res=[]
      for row in article_category:
        if row.id== article_arg['category_id']:
          temp='<a class="active" href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' %(article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)
        else:
          temp = '<a href="/cmdb/article-%s-%s.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >%s</a>' % (article_arg['article_type_id'],row.id,row.caption)
        res.append(temp)
      return mark_safe("".join(res))

    html模板

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    {% load myfilter %}
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <title>Title</title>
      <style>
        .container a{
          display: inline-block;
          padding: 3px 5px;
          margin: 5px;
          border: 1px solid #dddddd ;
        }
        .active{
          
     
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>搜索条件</h1>
    <div class="container">
      {% filter_all article_arg 'article_type_id' %}
      {% filter_type article_type article_arg %}
    </div>
    <div class="container">
      {% filter_all article_arg 'category_id' %}
      {% filter_category article_category article_arg %}
    </div>
    <h1>查询结果</h1>
    <div>
      {% for row in aritcle %}
        <div>{{ row.id }}-{{ row.title }}</div>
      {% endfor %}
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

    ps附上简图：

     

    四、其他变化

    在如上的示例中，我们的过滤条件是从数据库中拿到，有时候我们定义的时候使用的是静态字段，此时组合搜索会稍微修改。

     

    1.model定义

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    class Article(models.Model):
      title=models.CharField(max_length=64)
      content=models.CharField(max_length=256)
      category=models.ForeignKey(to='Category')
      article_type=(  #使用静态字段放入内存
        (1,'linux'),
        (2,'python'),
        (3,'go'),
      )
     

    2.处理函数变化

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    ###获取####
    aritcle_type=models.Article.article_type#直接获取类的静态字段
     

    3.simpletag相应改变

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    ###由于我们传递的元祖，所以取值使用元祖方式
    article_type[0]# 筛选条件id
    article_type[1]# 筛选条件名称

    以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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    原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wdliu/p/8331375.html
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/AmilyWilly/p/8537484.html
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