c语言之控制语句：循环

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	long num;
	long sum = 0L;
	int status;
	printf("Please enter an integer to be summed:");
	printf("(q to quit):");
	status = scanf_s("%ld", &num);
	while (status)
	{
		sum = sum + num;
		printf("Please enter next integer (q to quit):");
		status = scanf_s("%ld", &num);
	}
	printf("Those integers sum to %ld.
", sum);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

status = scanf_s("%ld",&num);
while(status=1)
{
    /*循环行为*/
    status = scanf_s("%ld",&num)
}
//替换代码
while(scanf_s("%ld",&num)=1)
{
    /*循环行为*/
    status = scanf_s("%ld",&num)
}

while语句

while(expression)
statement

statement部分可以是以分号结尾的简单语句，也可以是用花括号括起来的复合语句。其中，如果expression为真，执行。

在构建while循环时，必须让测试表达式的值有所变化。

while(expression)
printf("sth");//如果没有花括号，只有紧跟着while后面的第一条语句才算循环
other statement

/*不加分号*/
#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int n = 0;
	while (n++ < 3) 
	printf("n is %d
", n);
	printf("That's all this program does.
");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
/*
result:
n is 1
n is 2
n is 3
That's all this program does.
*/

/*加分号*/
#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int n = 0;
	while (n++ < 3); //加分号则会让编译器认为这句号是单独的一句
	printf("n is %d
", n);
	printf("That's all this program does.
");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
/*
result:
n is 4
That's all this program does.
*/

用关系运算符和表达式比较大小

运算符	含义
<	小于
<=	小于或等于
==	等于
>=	大于或等于
>	大于
!=	不等于

注：当使用浮点数时，尽量只是用“<”或“>”，因为浮点数的舍入误差会导致在逻辑上应该相等的两数却不相等。

value_1 == value_! //判断
value_1 = value_2  //赋值

#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	const double ANSWER = 3.14159;
	double response;
	printf("What is the value of pi?
");
	scanf_s("%f", &response);
	while (fabs(response - ANSWER) > 0.0001) //fabs()函数取绝对值
	{
		printf("Try again!
");
		scanf_s("%lf", &response);
	}
	printf("Close enough!
");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

新的_Bool类型

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	long num;
	long sum = 0L;
	_Bool input_is_good;  //定义Bool类型
	printf("Please enter an integer to be summed");
	printf("(q to quit):");
	input_is_good = (scanf_s("%ld", &num) == 1);
	while (input_is_good)
	{
		sum = sum + num;
		printf("Please enter next integer(q to quit):");
		input_is_good = (scanf_s("%ld", &num) == 1);
	}
	printf("Those integers sum to %ld.
", sum);
	return 0;
}

优先级和关系运算符

高优先级组：<、<=、>、>=

低优先级组：==、！=

不确定循环和计数循环

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	const int NUMBER = 22;
	int count = 1;
	while (count <= NUMBER) {
		printf("Be my Valentine!
");
		count++;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

for 循环

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	const int NUMBER = 22;
	int count = 1;
	for (count = 1; count <= NUMBER; count++)//第一个是表达式初始化，第二个是测试条件，第三个是表达式执行更新。
		printf("Be my Valentine!
");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	char ch;
	for (ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ch++)
		printf("The ASCII value for %c is %d.
", ch, ch);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

可以省略一个或多个表达式（但是不能省略分号），只要在循环体中包含能结束循环的语句即可。另外，第一个表达式不一定要给变量赋初值，也可以使用printf()。但是，在执行循环体的其他部分之前，只对第一个表达式求值一次或执行一次。

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int num = 0;
	for (printf("Keep entering number!
"); num != 6;)
		scanf_s("%d", &num);
	printf("That's one I want!
");
	return 0;
}

其他赋值运算符

表达式	含义
scores += 20	scores = scores + 20
dimes -= 2	dimes = dimes - 20
bunnies *= 2	bunnies = bunnies * 20
time /= 2.73	time = time / 2.73
reduce %= 3	reduce = reduce % 3

逗号运算符

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	const int FIRST_OZ = 46, NEXT_OZ = 20;
	int ounces, cost;
	printf("ounces cost
");
	for (ounces = 1, cost = FIRST_OZ; ounces <= 16; ounces++, cost += NEXT_OZ) //同时有多个值，且从左到右顺序执行
		printf("%5d      $%4.2f
", ounces, cost / 100.0);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

houseprice = 249,500 //分为houseprice=249和500这两条表达式语句
houseprice =(249,500)//等于houseprice=500
char ch,date；//分隔符

出口条件循环：do while

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	const int secret_code = 13;
	int code_entered;
	do
	{
		printf("To enter the yuan therapy clud,
");
		printf("please enter the scret code number:");
		scanf_s("%d", &code_entered);
	} while (code_entered != secret_code);
	printf("Congratulation! You are cured!
");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

/*
do
statement
while (expression);
*/

do while循环在执行完循环体后才执行测试条件，所以至少执行循环体一次，while循环体适用于那些至少要迭代一次的循环。

嵌套循环

/*打印字母串*/
#include<stdio.h>
#define ROWS 6
#define CHARS 10

int main(void)
{
	int row;
	char ch;
	for (row = 0; row < ROWS; row++) {
		for (ch = 'A'; ch < ('A' + CHARS); ch++)
			printf("%c", ch);
		printf("
");
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

数组

float debts[n];//声明一个含有20个元素的数组
debts[n]=num;//为数组元素赋值，编译器不会查找元素不在等的错误

用于识别数组元素的数字被称为下标、索引或偏移量。

/*打印字母串*/
#include<stdio.h>
#define SIZE 10
#define PAR 72

int main(void)
{
	int index, score[SIZE];
	int sum = 0;
	float average;
	printf("Enter %d golf scores:
", SIZE);
	for (index = 0; index < SIZE; index++)
		scanf_s("%d",&score[index]);
	printf("
");
	for (index = 0; index < SIZE; index++)
		sum += score[index];
	average = (float)sum / SIZE;
	printf("Sum of scores = %d,average = %.2f
", sum, average);
	printf("That's a handicap of %.0f.
", average - PAR);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

使用函数返回值的循环

#include<stdio.h>
double power(double n, int p); 
/*C编译器运行到这里还不知道power函数是什么，所以要先声明该函数的返回值类型等，而如果该函数写在main函数的前面，则不需要在此处声明该函数*/

int main(void)
{
	double x, xpow;
	int exp;
	printf("Enter a number and the positive integer power");
	printf(" to which
the number will be raised. Enter q");
	printf(" to quit.
");
	while (scanf_s("%lf%d", &x, &exp) == 2)
	{
		xpow = power(x, exp);
		printf("%.3g to the power %d is %.5g.
", x, exp, xpow);
		printf("Enter next pair of numbers or q to quit.
");
	}
	printf("Hope you enjoyed this power trip -- bye!
");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

double power(double n, int p)
{
	double pow = 1;
	int i;
	for (i = 1; i <= p; i++)
		pow *= n;
	return pow;
}