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  • 二叉树的表达式求值

    问题描述:

      输入一个表达式(表达式中的数均为小于10的正整数),利用二叉树来表示该表达数,创建表达式树,然后利用二叉树的遍历操作求表达式的值。

    输入要求:

      多组数据,每组一行,以‘=’结尾。当输入只有一个‘=’时, 输入结束。

    输出要求:

      每组数据输出一行为表达式的值。

    样例:

      输入样例:

      1+2-3*4+(1+2)*3=

      =

      输出样例:

      0

      思路:分别用num 队列来存数,op队列来存运算符。然后取一个运算符为父节点,取两个数为子结点。将数叠加后就组成了一颗表达式树,然后后序遍历求值即可。

      

    #include<iostream>
    #include<stack>
    #include<queue>
    
    using namespace std;
    typedef struct Node* BinTree;
    typedef BinTree BT;
    // 1+2-3*4+(1+2)*3=
    string s;
    queue<char> num;
    queue<char> op;
    struct Node{
        char Data;
        BT Left;
        BT Right;
        int ans;
    };
    
    int fact(char c) {
        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return 1;
        else return 2;
    }
    BT createNode(char c){
        BT p = new Node;
        p->Data  = c;
        p->Left = p->Right = NULL;
        if (fact(c) == 1)
            p->ans = c - '0';
        else
            p->ans = 0;
        return p;
    }
    BT createTree() {
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size() - 1; i++) {
            if(fact(s[i]) == 1) num.push(s[i]);
            else op.push(s[i]);
        }
        BT Head = NULL;
        int flag = 0;     //标记有括号时的情况 
        int sflag = 0;      //处理开始时为括号的情况 
        if(s[0] == '(') sflag = 1;
        while(!op.empty()) {
            char  option;
            option = op.front(); op.pop();
            if (option != '(' && option != ')') {
                  BT T = createNode(option);
                if (option == '+' || option == '-') {
                    if (flag == 0) {
                        if (Head == NULL) {
                            T->Left = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                            T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop(); 
                        }
                        else {
                            T->Left = Head;
                            T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                        }
                        Head = T;
                    }
                    else {
                        if (Head == NULL) {
                            T->Left = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                            T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop(); 
                            Head = T; 
                        }
                        else {
                            T->Left = Head->Right ;
                            Head->Right = T;
                            T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop(); 
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if(option == '*' || option == '/') {
                    if (flag == 0) {
                        if(Head == NULL) {
                            T->Left = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                            T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                            Head = T; 
                           }
                        else {
                            if(sflag == 1 || Head->Data == '*' || Head->Data == '/') {
                                T->Left = Head;
                                Head = T;
                                T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                                num.pop();
                                sflag =0;
                            }
                            else {
                                T->Left = Head->Right ;
                                Head->Right = T;
                                T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                                num.pop();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (flag == 1) {
                        if(Head == NULL) {
                            T->Left = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                            T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();
                            Head = T; 
                           }
                           else {
                               T->Left = Head->Right;
                              Head->Right= T;
                              T->Right = createNode(num.front());
                            num.pop();     
                        }
                    }
                    
                } 
            }
            else if (option == '('){
                flag = 1;
                //continue;
            } 
            else if (option == ')'){
                flag = 0;
                //continue;
            }
        }
        return Head;
    } 
    void InorderTraversal_1(BT L){
        if(L){
            InorderTraversal_1(L->Left );
            printf("%d ",L->ans );
            InorderTraversal_1(L->Right );
        }
    }
    void solve(BT L){
        if(L){
            solve(L->Left );
            solve(L->Right );
            char option = L->Data ;
            if (option == '+') L->ans = L->Left->ans + L->Right->ans ;
            if (option == '-') L->ans = L->Left->ans - L->Right->ans ;
            if (option == '*') L->ans = L->Left->ans * L->Right->ans ;
            if (option == '/') L->ans = L->Left->ans / L->Right->ans ;
            //if(option < '0' || option > '9')
            //    printf("%d %c %d = %d
    ", L->Left->ans, option, L->Right->ans, L->ans );
            
        }
    }
    void InorderTraversal_2(BT L){
        BT T=L;
        stack<BinTree> s;
        while(T||!s.empty()){
            while(T){
                s.push(T);
                T=T->Left ;
            }
            T=s.top();
            s.pop();
            printf("%c ",T->Data );
            T=T->Right ;
        }
    }
    int main() {
        while(cin >> s && s[0] != '='){
            BT H = createTree();
            //InorderTraversal_2(H);
            //cout << endl;
            
            solve(H);
            //InorderTraversal_1(H);
            //cout << endl;
            cout << H->ans << endl;
        } 
    }

      可能我写的过于复杂,有同学做的比较好

      。。。。。。。。。。。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/astonc/p/10783658.html
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