1、什么是ORM?
Object/Relationship Mapping:对象/关系映射
2、写SQL语句不好之处:
(1)不同数据库使用的SQL语法不同(PL/SQL、T/SQL)
(2)同样的功能在不同的数据库中有不同的实现方式(分页SQL)
(3)过分依赖SQL语句对程序的移植和拓展不利
3、Hibernate
(1)ORM框架技术
(2)对JDBC进行了非常轻量的对象封装
4、其他ORM框架技术
(1)Mybatis(前身为iBatis)
(2)Toplink(现为Oracle As Toplink)
(3)EJB:本身就是JAVAEE规范
5、所需工具:
(1) Hibernate 核心包;
(2) Hibernate eclipse plugin;
6、创建Hibernate项目步骤:
(1)导入核心包及数据库驱动:
(2)创建配置文件;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">root</property> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</property> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> <mapping resource="Student.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
(3)创建持久化类;
package hibernate001; //学生类 import java.util.Date; public class Student{ //持久化类的设计原则 //1、公有的类 //2、提供共有的不带参数的默认的构造方法 //3、属性私有 //4、属性setter/getter封装 private int sid;//学号 private String name;//姓名 private String gender;//性别 private Date birthday;//出生日期 private String address;//地址 public Student(){ } public Student(int sid, String name, String gender, Date birthday, String address) { this.sid = sid; this.name = name; this.gender = gender; this.birthday = birthday; this.address = address; } public int getSid() { return sid; } public void setSid(int sid) { this.sid = sid; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", name=" + name + ", gender=" + gender + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]"; } }
(4)创建对象——关系映射文件;
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Generated 2017-4-14 17:17:44 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="hibernate001.Student" table="STUDENT"> <id name="sid" type="int"> <column name="SID" /> <generator class="assigned" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="NAME" /> </property> <property name="gender" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="GENDER" /> </property> <property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="BIRTHDAY" /> </property> <property name="address" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="ADDRESS" /> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
(5)通过Hibernate API编写访问数据库代码:
我用的是Juntil4这个测试类
package hibernate001; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import java.util.Date; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; //测试类 public class StudentTest { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; private Session session; private Transaction transaction; @Before public void init(){ //穿件配置对象 Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure(); //创建服务注册对象 ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); //创建会话对象 sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); //打开会话 session = sessionFactory.openSession(); //打开事务 transaction = session.beginTransaction(); } @After public void destory(){ transaction.commit();//提交事务 session.close();//关闭会话 sessionFactory.close();//关闭会话工厂 } @Test public void testSavestudent(){ Student s1 = new Student(1, "张三丰", "男", new Date(), "武当山"); session.save(s1); } }