JAVA集合类:
java.util包下的HashSet和HashMap类不是线程安全的,
java.util.concurrent包下的ConcurrentHashMap类是线程安全的。
写2个测试类来验证下:
package com.cdfive.learn.thread;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* 验证HashSet不是线程安全
*
* @author cdfive
* @date 2019-02-11
*/
public class HashSetTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();// 结果可能大于1000
// final Set<Integer> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());// 结果等于1000
// final Set<Integer> set = Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Boolean>());// 结果等于1000
// 往set写入1-1000
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) {
set.add(i);
}
}
};
int threadNum = 10;// 线程数
List<Thread> threadList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
threadList.add(thread);
thread.start();
}
// 主线程等待子线程执行完成
for (Thread thread : threadList) {
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(set.size());// 结果可能大于1000
}
}
package com.cdfive.learn.thread;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* 验证HashMap不是线程安全
*
* @author cdfive
* @date 2019-02-11
*/
public class HashMapTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();// 结果可能大于1000
// final Map<Integer, Integer> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());// 结果等于1000
// final Map<Integer, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();// 结果等于1000
// 往map写入1-1000, key和value相同
Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) {
map.put(i, i);
}
}
};
int threadNum = 2;// 线程数
List<Thread> threadList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
threadList.add(thread);
thread.start();
}
// 主线程等待子线程执行完成
for (Thread thread : threadList) {
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(map.size());// 结果可能大于1000
}
}
如果需要保证线程安全的场景:
1.将HashSet或HashMap转换为线程安全,使用Collections.synchronizedSet或Collections.synchronizedMap方法;
2.使用Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Boolean>())或使用java.util.concurrent包下的ConcurrentHashMap;
3.仍然使用HashSet或HashMap,使用时手动进行加锁或同步;// 注意加锁粒度,尽可能保证性能
在项目中根据实际场景进行选择和应用。