Linux下Apache+Tomcat负载均衡配置（一机多实例）

LINUX 下配置Apache+Tomcat负载均衡（一机多实例）

（1）解压安装

 

1）安装JDK

#./jdk-6u10-rc-bin-b28-linux-i586-21_jul_2008-rpm.bin

运行后会显示一大篇协议，按空格跳过。看到最后出现[yes]时输入yes回车确认。

添加JDK的环境变量

用文本编辑器打开/etc/profile，在文件的最后添加以下内容：

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_10

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin

export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

保存退出，然后注销一次或运行：source /etc/profile命令使系统环境变量生效。

确定环境变量生效后可以终端中运行：java -version命令测试是否安装成功。

java version "1.6.0_10-rc"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_10-rc-b28)

Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 11.0-b15, mixed mode, sharing)

若出现以上文字那么JDK已经OK了。

 

2）安装apache

tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz

程序解压后得到名为：httpd-2.2.16的文件夹。继续运行以下命令：

cd httpd-2.2.16

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared-all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer

make

make install

 

3）配置apache文件

修改apache的配置文件httpd.conf

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf命令进行编辑。

<IfModuledir_module>

DirectoryIndex index.html index.jsp

</IfModule>

找到#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf，将前面的注释符#去掉。

在文件的最后添加以下内容并保存：

ProxyRequests Off

<proxy balancer://RHEL5-1>

BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009 loadfactor=2 route=jvm1

BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8010loadfactor=2 route=jvm2

BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8011loadfactor=2 route=jvm3

BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8012loadfactor=2 route=jvm3

</proxy>

 

修改apache的配置文件httpd-vhosts.conf

该文件所在路径为：/usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

将文件中以下内容注释掉：

#<VirtualHost *:80>

#    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com

#    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/docs/dummy-host.example.com"

#    ServerName dummy-host.example.com

#    ServerAlias [url]www.dummy-host.example.com[/url]

#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"

#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common

#</VirtualHost>

#<VirtualHost *:80>

#    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com

#    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"

#    ServerName dummy-host2.example.com

#    ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"

#    CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access_log" common

#</VirtualHost>

在文件末尾添加以下内容并保存：

<VirtualHost *:80>

ServerAdmin cntangjun@test.com

ServerName localhost

ServerAlias localhost

ProxyPass / balancer://RHEL5-1/ stickysession=jsessionidnofailover=On

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://RHEL5-1/

</VirtualHost>

 

修改apache的配置文件httpd-info.conf

<Location /server-status>

SetHandler server-status

    Order deny,allow

#   Deny from all

    Allow from all

</Location>

#

# ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status

# information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus

# Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off.

#

ExtendedStatus On

#

# Allow remote server configuration reports, with the URL of

# [url]http://servername/server-info[/url] (requires that mod_info.c be loaded).

# Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable.

#

<Location /server-info>

SetHandler server-info

    Order deny,allow

#   Deny from all

    Allow from all

</Location>

<Location /balancer-manager>

SetHandler balancer-manager

    Order deny,allow

#   Deny from all

    Allow from all

</Location>

 

 

（2）配置Tomcat

先在/usr/local目录中建一个名为tomcat的文件夹，然后在终端中运行：

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.20.tar.gz

程序解压后得到名为：apache-tomcat-6.0.20的文件夹，将它复制四份到/usr/local/tomcat目录并重命名为tomcat6-1、tomcat6-2、tomcat6-3、tomcat6-4、

进入tomcat6-1目录，修改conf目录下的server.xml文件（以下两个项目不变）

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />

<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

找到文件中<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">这一行，将它改为：

<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">

说明：这里的jvmRoute的值必须对应于httpd.conf文件中最末添加的route的值。

接着在刚才修改的那一行下添加以下内容并保存：

<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">

- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="6">

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true" mapSendOptions="6" />

- <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">

<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000" />

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto[U1] " port="4000" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="100" maxThreads="6" />

- <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">

<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" />

</Sender>

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector" />

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor" />

<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor" />

</Channel>

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;" />

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve" />

<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false" />

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" />

<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" />

</Cluster>

将保存后的server.xml文件复制一分到tomcat6-2/3/4的对应文件夹下替换掉原文件。并打开修改下面几处：

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />

<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm2">

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4001" autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="100" maxThreads="6"/>

 

分别对应修改端口，不要冲突就可以了，另外ajp端口一定要对应上httpd.conf中配置的端口

 

（3）启动服务

先启动各tomcat：

/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat6-1/catalina.sh run

/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat6-2/catalina.sh run

/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat6-3/catalina.sh run

/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat6-4/catalina.sh run

再启动apache：

/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start

重启apache

/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k restart

打开浏览器，通过http://127.0.0.1来访问一下，应该就会出现大家熟悉的猫猫了。

然后再分别用

http://127.0.0.1:8080

http://127.0.0.1:8081

http://127.0.0.1:8082

http://127.0.0.1:8083

 

来访问一下，

它们显示的内容应该是和http://127.0.0.1一样的，这样就说明apache和tomcat整合成功！

 

 

（4）给tomcat增加管理用户（有时间的话分别给tomcat下conf文件下user.xml中添加管理员用户。）

<tomcat-users>

<role rolename=”manager”/>

<role rolename=”admin”/>

<user username= “admin”password=”admin″ roles=”manager,admin”/>

</tomcat-users>

 

 

(5)最后完工，重启tomcat,apahce测试平衡负载，新建测试目录test和test.jsp页面

<%

Runtime lRuntime = Runtime.getRuntime();

out.println("*** BEGIN MEMORY STATISTICS ***<br/>");

out.println("Free Memory: "+lRuntime.freeMemory()/1024/1024+"M<br/>");

out.println("Max   Memory: "+lRuntime.maxMemory()/1024/1024+"M<br/>");

out.println("Total Memory: "+lRuntime.totalMemory()/1024/1024+"M<br/>");

out.println("Available Processors : "+lRuntime.availableProcessors()+"<br/>");

out.println("*** END MEMORY STATISTICS ***");

%>

<br>

<%= request.getSession().getId() %>

分别放入到tomcat的ROOT目录中测试

 

 

测试session复制

修改测试项目test修改test.jsp,内容如下

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>

<html><head><title>Cluster App Test</title></head>

<body>

Server Info:

<%

out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort()+"<br>");%>

<%

out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId()+"<br>"); // 如果有新的 Session 属性设置

 String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");

 if (dataName != null &&dataName.length() > 0) {

     String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");

session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);

 } out.print("<b>Session 列表</b>"); Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();

 while (e.hasMoreElements()) {

     String name = (String)e.nextElement();

     String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();

out.println( name + " = " + value+"<br>");

System.out.println( name + " = " + value);

   }

%>

<form action="test.jsp" method="POST">

名称:<input type=text size=20 name="dataName">

<br>

值:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue">

<br>

<input type=submit>

</form>

</body>

</html>

 

然后在test 新建WEB-INF目录，WEB-INF下新建web.xml,内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"

   version="2.5">

<display-name>TomcatDemo</display-name>

<distributable/>

</web-app>

 

注意：在你的应用的web.xml加入<distributable/>即可

把test复制到tomcat6-1/2/3/4的webapps下，重启apache,tomcat,

 

输入网址 http://localhost/test/test.jsp   新建一个名称为:tangjun,值为中国的session,提交查询，新开一个ie窗口，再提交查询，如图，可以看到，两个tomcat 是负载均衡，并且session同步的，也可以不断的刷新，可以看到轮流访问四个页面，但是值仍然是一样的。

---

关于tomcat热备份

需要修改apache的httpd.conf文件

ProxyPass / balancer://hotcluster/
<Proxy balancer://hotcluster>
    BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009
    BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8010 status=+H
    ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
</Proxy>

然后重启apache