Anaconda 安装与卸载

Anaconda是一个免费开源的Python和R语言的发行版本，用于计算科学（数据科学、机器学习、大数据处理和预测分析），Anaconda致力于简化软件包管理系统和部署。Anaconda的包使用软件包管理系统Conda进行管理。超过1200万人使用Anaconda发行版本，并且Anaconda拥有超过1400个适用于Windows、Linux和MacOS的数据科学软件包。 -wikipedia

安装

• 下载

  • 官网下载：https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual#Downloads

  • 清华大学开源软件镜像站：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/archive/

    note： Anaconda官网是外国网站，速度非常慢，建议去清华大学开源软件镜像站下载

• 安装（Linux）

  • 授权并执行

    # 给下载的sh文件执行权限
    chmod a+x Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh
    # 执行安装文件
    ./Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86_64.sh
    

  • 安装输出日志

    Welcome to Anaconda3 2021.05
    
    In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
    agreement.
    Please, press ENTER to continue
    >>>     按回车键（ENTER）继续
    ===================================
    End User License Agreement - Anaconda Individual Edition
    ===================================
    
    Copyright 2015-2021, Anaconda, Inc.
    
    All rights reserved under the 3-clause BSD License:
    ...
    ... license日志
    ...
    
    
    The following packages listed on https://www.anaconda.com/cryptography are inclu
    ded in the repository accessible through Anaconda Individual Edition that relate
    to cryptography.
    
    Last updated April 5, 2021
    
    Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
    [no] >>>   yes （yes接受继续，no拒绝退出安装）
    
    Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
    /home/noname/anaconda3
    
    - Press ENTER to confirm the location
    - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
    - Or specify a different location below
    
    [/home/noname/anaconda3] >>> /usr/envs/anaconda3  （此处可自定义安装路径，不填则为默认路径，一般在用户根目录）
    PREFIX=/usr/envs/anaconda3
    Unpacking payload ...
    Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done                       
    Solving environment: done
    
    ## Package Plan ##
    
    environment location: /usr/envs/anaconda3
    
    added / updated specs:
        - _ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf==0.1.0=py38_0
        - _libgcc_mutex==0.1=main
        - alabaster==0.7.12=pyhd3eb1b0_0
    ...
    ... anaconda基础环境包安装日志
    ...
    
    
    Preparing transaction: done
    Executing transaction: done
    installation finished.
    Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
    by running conda init? [yes|no]
    [no] >>> yes （是否初始化）
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/condabin/conda
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/bin/conda
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/bin/conda-env
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/bin/activate
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/bin/deactivate
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
    no change     /usr/envs/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
    modified      /home/noname/.bashrc
    
    ==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
    
    If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
    set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 
    
    conda config --set auto_activate_base false
    
    Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
    
    ===========================================================================
    
    Working with Python and Jupyter notebooks is a breeze with PyCharm Pro,
    designed to be used with Anaconda. Download now and have the best data
    tools at your fingertips.
    
    PyCharm Pro for Anaconda is available at: https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm
    
    

• 配置

  • 初始化^[1] Anaconda（安装时初始化了则跳过）

    # 如果如果anaconda安装初始化时，选择的no，那现在应该还用不了conda命令
    # 执行 source $ANACONDA_HOME/bin/activate, 如：
    source /usr/envs/anaconda3/bin/activate
    # 初始化
    conda init
    

  • 关闭启动时激活Conda基础环境（可选）

    # 如果您不希望在启动时激活Conda基础环境，将AUTO_ACTIVATE_BASE参数设置为FALSE：
    conda config --set auto_activate_base false
    

  • Anaconda 镜像配置
    点击前往Anaconda 镜像配置

卸载

• 删除Anaconda 文件夹

  # rm -rf $ANACONDA_HOME，如：
  rm -rf /usr/envs/anaconda3
  

• 删除Anaconda 配置

  # 打开配置文件
    vim ~/.bashrc
  
  # 删除下面这段配置
  
  # >>> conda initialize >>>
  # !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
  __conda_setup="$('/usr/envs/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
  if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      eval "$__conda_setup"
  else
      if [ -f "/usr/envs/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
          . "/usr/envs/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
      else
          export PATH="/usr/envs/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
      fi
  fi
  unset __conda_setup
  # <<< conda initialize <<<
  

• 更新配置文件

  source ~/.bashrc
  或者 source /etc/profile
  

Reference

• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43529415/article/details/100847887

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1. Linux安装anaconda3是否初始化的区别 ↩︎