zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • SpringBoot与Web开发

    web开发
    1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
    2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景已经配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
    3)、自己编写业务代码;

    自动配置原理?
    这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了扫码?能不能修改?能不能改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx
    xxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
    xxxProperties:配置类来 封装配置文件的内容;

    2、SpringBoot对静态资源的 映射规则

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.resources",ignoreUnknownFields=false)
    public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware{

    //可以设置和静态资源又关的的 参数,缓存时间

     1 public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
     2     if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
     3         logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
     4     } else {
     5         Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
     6         CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
     7         if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
     8             this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
     9         }
    10 
    11         String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    12         if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
    13             this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
    14         }
    15 
    16     }
    17 }
    addResourceHandlers

    //配置欢迎页的映射

     1 @Bean
     2 public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
     3     return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, this.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
     4 }
     5 
     6 @Configuration
     7 @ConditionalOnProperty(
     8     value = {"spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},
     9     matchIfMissing = true
    10 )
    11 public static class FaviconConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
    12     private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    13     private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
    14 
    15     public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
    16         this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
    17     }
    18 
    19     public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
    20         this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
    21     }
    22 
    23     @Bean
    24     public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
    25         SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
    26         mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
    27 //所有 **/favicon.ico
    28         mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", this.faviconRequestHandler()));
    29         return mapping;
    30     }
    31 
    32     @Bean
    33     public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
    34         ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
    35         requestHandler.setLocations(this.resolveFaviconLocations());
    36         return requestHandler;
    37     }
    配置欢迎页的映射

    //配置喜欢的图标

        private List<Resource> resolveFaviconLocations() {
            String[] staticLocations = WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
            List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(staticLocations.length + 1);
            Stream var10000 = Arrays.stream(staticLocations);
            ResourceLoader var10001 = this.resourceLoader;
            this.resourceLoader.getClass();
            var10000.map(var10001::getResource).forEach(locations::add);
            locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
            return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
        }
    }
    配置喜欢的图标

    1)、所有/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/
    找资源;
    webjars:以jar包的 方式引入静态资源;
    参考:http://www.webjars.org/
    http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1-1/jquery.js

    <!--引入jquery-webjar--> 在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
       <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
       <version>3.3.1-1</version>
    </dependency>

    2)、"/**"访问当前项目的任何资源,(静态资源的文件夹)

    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/",
    "classpath:/public/"
    "/":当前项目的根路径;
    localhsot:8080/abc====去静态资源文件夹里面去找abc
    3)、欢迎页;静态资源文件夹下面的所有index.html文件;被"/**"映射;
    localhost:8080/ 找index页面
    4)、所有的**/favicon.ico都是在静态资源文件下找;
    3、模版引擎
    JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf;
    SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
    语法更简单,功能更强大;
    1、引入thymeleaf;

    <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    切换thymeleaf版本

    <properties>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
    <!--布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本-->
    <!--thymeleaf2  layout1-->
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
    </properties>

    2、Thymeleaf使用方法
    只要我们把html页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
    使用:
    1、导入thymleaf的名称空间;

    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

    2、使用thymeleaf的语法;

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>成功!</h1>
        <!--th:text将div里面的文本内容设置为-->
        <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
    </body>
    </html>

    3、语法规则
    1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
    th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值;
    参考官方文档:https://www.thymeleaf.org/documentation.html pdf
    2)、表达式?
    4 Standard Expression Syntax
    We will take a small break in the development of our grocery virtual store to learn about one of the most important
    parts of the Thymeleaf Standard Dialect: the Thymeleaf Standard Expression syntax.
    We have already seen two types of valid attribute values expressed in this syntax: message and variable expressions:
    <p th:utext="#{home.welcome}">Welcome to our grocery store!</p>
    <p>Today is: <span th:text="${today}">13 february 2011</span></p>
    But there are more types of expressions, and more interesting details to learn about the ones we already know. First,
    let’s see a quick summary of the Standard Expression features:
    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
    1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法;
    2)、使用内置的基本对象;
    #ctx : the context object.
    #vars: the context variables.
    #locale : the context locale.
    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.

    ${param.foo}
    3)、内置的一些工具对象
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they
    would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式;和${}在功能上是一样的;
    补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}"
    <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>

    Message Expressions: #{...}获取国际化内容的;
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
    @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式;
    <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>

    Literals(字面量)
    Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
    Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
    Boolean literals: true , false
    Null literal: null
    Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _

    4、SpringMVC自动配置
    Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
    以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:
    Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
    自动配置了 ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到 视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
    ContentNegotiatingViewResolver 组合所有的视图解析器;
    如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个 视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
    Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
    Static index.html support.静态首页访问;
    Custom Favicon support (see below).ffavicon.ico;
    自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.
    Convert:转换器,public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Convert
    Formatter:格式化器;2017-12-17===Date;
    自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可;
    Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below)
    HttpMessageConverters :SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User--json;
    HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定的;获取所有的 HttpMessageConverters ;
    只需要自己将自己的组件注册在容器中;(@Bean、@component)
    Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成 规则;
    Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer 来替换默认的;(添加到容器)
    1、初始化WebDataBinder;
    2、请求数据====JavaBean;
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
    If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
    If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.
    2、扩展SpringMVC
    既保留了所有的 自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

    编写一个 配置类(@Configuration)是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc

    /**
     * Created by windMan on 2018/5/28
     */
    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC功能
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    //        super.addViewControllers(registry);
                //浏览器发送portalkjt请求到success
                registry.addViewController("/portalkjt").setViewName("success");
        }
    }

    原理:
    1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration 是SpringMvc的配置类;
    2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import({WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class})

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
    
    private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
    
    //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
    @Autowired(required = false)
    public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
       if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
          this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
    //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurater相关配置都来一起调用;
    @Override
    //public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    //   for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
    //      delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
    //   }
    //}
       }
    }

    3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurater都会一起起作用;
    4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
    效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
    3、全面接管SpringMVC;
    SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了;
    我们需要在 配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

    /**
     * Created by windMan on 2018/5/28
     */
    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC功能
    
    @EnableWebMvc
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    //        super.addViewControllers(registry);
                //浏览器发送portalkjt请求到success
                registry.addViewController("/portalkjt").setViewName("success");
        }
    }

    原理:
    为什么添加@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
    1)、@EnableWebMvc的核心

    @Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
    public @interface EnableWebMvc {

    2)、

    @Configuration
    public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

    3)、

    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication(
        type = Type.SERVLET
    )
    @ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class})
    //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})
    @AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)
    @AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
    public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

    4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;

    5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
    5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
    1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果 有就 用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的 和自己默认的组合起来;
    2)、在SpringBoot中,会有非常多的xxConfigurater帮助我们进行扩展配置;

    6、RestfulCRUD
    1)、默认访问首页;
    2)、国际化
    1)、编写国际化配置文件;
    2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
    3)、在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容


    步骤:
    1)、编写国际化配置文件、抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息;
    2)、SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
    public MessageSourceProperties messageSourceProperties() 
    String basename = context.getEnvironment().getProperty("spring.messages.basename", "messages");//我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫message.properties;
    
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        MessageSourceProperties properties = this.messageSourceProperties();
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getBasename())) {
    //设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的) messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(properties.getBasename())));
        }
    
        if (properties.getEncoding() != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(properties.getEncoding().name());
        }
    
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(properties.isFallbackToSystemLocale());
        Duration cacheDuration = properties.getCacheDuration();
        if (cacheDuration != null) {
            messageSource.setCacheMillis(cacheDuration.toMillis());
        }
    
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(properties.isAlwaysUseMessageFormat());
        messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(properties.isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage());
        return messageSource;
    }
    View Code

    3)、去页面获取国际化的值;
    file-encording 文件及编码,根据当前浏览器语言设置的信息,切换的国际化;

    原理:
    国际化Locale(区域信息对象):LocalResolver(获取区域信息对象);

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(
        prefix = "spring.mvc",
        name = {"locale"}
    )
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
        if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
            return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
        } else {
            AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
            localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            return localeResolver;
        }
    }
    View Code

    默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化;
    4)、点击链接切换国际化;

    /**
     * Created by windMan on 2018/5/28
     * 可以在链接上携带区域信息
     */
    public class MyLocalResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    
        @Override
        public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
            String l = request.getParameter("l");
            Locale locale=Locale.getDefault();
            if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
                String[] split = l.split("_");
                locale= new Local(split[0],split[1]);
            }
            return locale;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, @Nullable HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Locale locale) {
    
        }
    }
    
    
    @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
        return new MyLocalResolver();
    }
    View Code

    3)、登录
    开发期间模版引擎页面修改后,要实时生效;
    1)、禁用模版引擎的缓存
    #禁用缓存
    spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
    2)、页面修改完成后ctrl+f9:重新编辑;
    登录错误消息的 显示;

    3)、拦截器进行登录检查

     //注册拦截器
                @Override
                public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    //                super.addInterceptors(registry);
                        //静态资源:*.css ,*.js
                        //SpringBoot已经 做好了静态资源的映射
                        registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
                                .excludePathPatterns("index.html","/","user/login");
                }

    5)、CRUD-员工列表
    实验要求:
    1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
    URI:/资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

    2)、实验的请求架构;

    3)、员工列表
    thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取
    1、抽取公共片段

    <div th:fragment="copy">
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>

    2、引入公共片段

    <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
    ~{templatename::selector}:模版名::选择器
    ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模版名::片段名

    3、默认效果:

    insert的公共片段在div标签中
    如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
    行内写法可以加上====[[]]:[~()]
    三种引入公共片段的th属性;
    th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入元素中;
    th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段;
    th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中;
    
    <footer th:fragment="copy">
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    引入方式:
    <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
    
    效果:
    <div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    </div>
    
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    
    <div>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>
    
    引入片段的时候传入参数:
    <div th:replace="::frag (onevar=${value1},twovar=${value2})">
    ${#dates.format(date, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
    
    
    日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
    类型转换,格式化;
    默认日期是按照/的方式;
  • 相关阅读:
    九宫格小游戏源码分享
    DeviceOne 竟然做出来如此复杂的App
    DeviceOne 让你一见钟情的App快速开发平台
    MySQL初始化
    MySQL的操作
    MySQL
    Library
    Python模块
    Anaconda的使用
    面向对象之成员修饰 特殊成员 methclass
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cykj/p/SpringBootAndWebProject.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看