iOS核心动画高级技巧之图层变换和专用图层(二)
iOS核心动画高级技巧之核心动画(三)
iOS核心动画高级技巧之性能(四)
iOS核心动画高级技巧之动画总结(五)
仿射变换
iOS仿射变换是CGAffineTransform,仿射变换的特点是变换后的图形对边依然是平行的,它包括 CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(CGFloat angle) / CGAffineTransformMakeScale(CGFloat sx, CGFloat sy) / CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(CGFloat tx, CGFloat ty),直接看代码
1 blueView = UIView()
2 blueView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 100, 100, 100)
3 blueView.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor()
4 self.view.addSubview(blueView)
5
6 yellowView = UIView()
7 yellowView.frame = CGRectMake(50 + 200 / 1.414, 100, 100, 100)//注意yellowView的水平位置,和blueView作对比
8 yellowView.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor()
9 self.view.addSubview(yellowView)
10
11 blueView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity //初始化transform
12 blueView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(0.5, 0.5 ) //缩小0.5倍
13 blueView.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(blueView.transform, CGFloat(M_PI_4)) //旋转pi/4
14 blueView.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(blueView.transform, 400, 0) //平移400
这里只需要注意transform的叠加互相之间是有影响的,blueView缩小了0.5倍和旋转了45°,所以本来应该在水平位置上平移400的最后在45°方向平移了200,所以在水平方向平移的距离大约是200/1.414,和yellowView形成对比.
3D变换
3D变换和仿射变换不同,虽然它也是乘以一个二维向量,但是它是4x4的二维向量,而仿射变换是2x3的向量,而且3D变换可以通过直接改变向量的单个的值来设置向量,比如transform.m11 / transform.m44 对应的就是向量上对应位置的值,由于是3维空间的变换,所以有些不同,仿射的旋转等价于3D变换的Z轴旋转,它的x,y的组合向量可以使它向倾斜的角度(如45°)旋转,而平移忽略掉Z轴上的就是一样的,缩放也是忽略掉Z轴上的就行.而由于是3D变换缩放会使平移缩放对应比例,而x/y/z轴的旋转都不会使它的方向改变,这是由于矩阵的值表示的范围广,不会互相影响.
1 blueLayer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity //初始化transform
2 blueLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeScale(0.5, 0.5, 0) //缩小0.5倍
3 blueLayer.transform = CATransform3DRotate(blueLayer.transform,CGFloat( M_PI_4 ), 0.0, 1.0, 0) //旋转pi/4
4 blueLayer.transform = CATransform3DTranslate(blueLayer.transform,400, 0, 0) //平移400
由于3D变换分成多个方向的,所以沿X或Y方向的旋转就像缩放了一样,可以通过设置向量对应的值来修复这个效果,让它看上去更真实一点,结果它会有一个倾斜角度,有一个投影效果,这样当你做平移的时候会改变显示的大小,所以一般不要一起用了,而要让这个效果有效,需要在初始化transform时就设置m34的值(这个值最好在-1/500.0 到 -1/5000.0之间),放到后面没有效果,在后面也不能用scale放大缩小,不然会覆盖这个值.所以这个效果基本是单独拿出来显示效果的.
1 var transform = CATransform3DIdentity //初始化transform
2 transform.m34 = -1 / 500.0 //设置m34的值
3 // transform = CATransform3DScale( transform, 0.5, 0.5, 0) //缩小0.5倍,这里不能用
4 transform = CATransform3DRotate(transform,CGFloat( M_PI_4 ), 0.0, 1.0, 0) //旋转pi/4
5 transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform,400, 0, 0) //平移400
6 blueLayer.transform = transform
当你在投射的方向平移足够大的距离,它最后的成像就是一个点了,这个点一般是图层的anchorPoint点,如果是一个图层的好几个子图层都需要这种效果,那么直接设置它的父图层transform的m34为-1/ 500.0 然后设置它的sublayerTransform属性,当设置它的子layer的rotote属性那个子layer就会有对应的投射效果. 如:outLayer.sublayerTransform = outLayer.transform
如果旋转180°从背面去看layer,layer会显示出和layer对称的的图片,因为layer是双面绘制的,但如果有文字就会看起来很混乱并且浪费GPU资源,所以最好能够禁用它,而layer提供了这个属性:doubleSided,值为true双面为false则为单面.
内外层layer的选择可以相互叠加和抵消,这个在Z轴上的旋转是可以的,但是在X/Y上并不是这样的,是由于它们并不处于同一个3D空间内,同时需要注意的是,如果使用m34这个特殊的向量值做投影,每次先给一个transform初始化为CATransform3DIdentity,然后直接设置m34的值然后做旋转等,再赋值给layer的transform
专用图层
CAShapeLayer
CAShapeLayer 是专门用来绘画形状的layer,它对比画图有很大的优势,它使用了硬件加速,所以绘图速度很快,它不需要寄宿图片所以不会使用太多内存,它也不会和普通图层一样被裁剪掉,而且它不会被像素化,最后就不会模糊.你可以设置lineWith（线宽，用点表示单位）/ lineCap（线条结尾的样子）和lineJoin（线条之间的结合点的样子）,但是只有一次设置的机会.CAShapeLayer还可以单独设置圆角,下面是代码和对应的两个运行效果,前面一个线条的人另一个是3个圆角的直角矩形.
DEMO1:
1 let shapePath = UIBezierPath()
2 shapePath.moveToPoint(CGPointMake(175, 100))
3 shapePath.addArcWithCenter(CGPointMake(150, 100), radius: 25, startAngle: 0, endAngle:CGFloat( 2 * M_PI ), clockwise: true)
4 shapePath.moveToPoint(CGPointMake(150, 125))
5 shapePath.addLineToPoint(CGPointMake(150, 175))
6 shapePath.addLineToPoint(CGPointMake(125, 225))
7 shapePath.moveToPoint(CGPointMake(150, 175))
8 shapePath.addLineToPoint(CGPointMake(175, 225))
9 shapePath.moveToPoint(CGPointMake(100, 150))
10 shapePath.addLineToPoint(CGPointMake(200, 150))
11
12 let shapeLayer = CAShapeLayer()
13 shapeLayer.strokeColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor
14 shapeLayer.fillColor = UIColor.clearColor().CGColor
15 shapeLayer.lineWidth = 5
16 shapeLayer.lineJoin = kCALineJoinRound
17 shapeLayer.lineCap = kCALineCapRound
18 shapeLayer.path = shapePath.CGPath
19 self.view.layer.addSublayer(shapeLayer)
DEMO2:
1 var rect = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 100); 2 var radii = CGSizeMake(20, 20); 3 var corners = UIRectCorner.TopRight | UIRectCorner.BottomRight | UIRectCorner.BottomLeft 4 var shapePath = UIBezierPath(roundedRect: rect, byRoundingCorners: corners, cornerRadii: radii)
CATextLayer
可以在layer中直接用Core Graphics直接写入文字,这就是UILabel的实现方式,如果直接在图层上记录文本将是一件很麻烦的事,iOS提供了CATextLayer来实现layer上显示文本,它本身使用了Core text ,渲染速度很快.
1 var textLayer = CATextLayer() 2 textLayer.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 200, 300) 3 self.view.layer.addSublayer(textLayer) 4 5 //设置它的属性 6 textLayer.foregroundColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor 7 textLayer.alignmentMode = kCAAlignmentJustified 8 textLayer.wrapped = true 9 10 //它的font是CGFont类型,需要大小字体分开设置 11 var font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(24) 12 textLayer.font = CGFontCreateWithFontName(font.fontName) 13 textLayer.fontSize = font.pointSize 14 15 var textStr = "hello kitty hi nohhhh no wo shi lllll aaaaawo jiojhello kitty hi nohhhh no wo shi lllll aaaaawo jioj" 16 textLayer.string = textStr 17 18 //它contentScale默认是1,为了让它以retina的质量来显示,设置为2 19 textLayer.contentsScale = UIScreen.mainScreen().scale
这里也可以用NSAttributedString富文本,但是由于swift类型转换的问题挺麻烦的,不写demo了.
CATransformLayer
这个图层类解决了图层间的层级关系,如下面这个demo所示:如果是CALayer旋转就没有层级,如果是CATransformLayer,它就有了层级
1 //outLayer = CALayer() 2 outLayer = CATransformLayer() //如果是上面这个普通的CALayer它如果旋转就不会有双层的效果 3 4 5 outLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 300, 300) 6 outLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.grayColor().CGColor 7 self.view.layer.addSublayer(outLayer) 8 9 var transform = CATransform3DIdentity //初始化transform 10 transform.m34 = -1 / 500.0 //设置m34的值 11 transform = CATransform3DRotate(transform,CGFloat( M_PI_2 ), 0.0, 1.0, 0) //旋转pi/4 12 outLayer.transform = transform 13 14 //outLayer.sublayerTransform = transform 15 16 17 blueLayer = CALayer() 18 blueLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 200, 200) 19 blueLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor().CGColor 20 outLayer.addSublayer(blueLayer) 21 22 23 var blueLayerTransform = CATransform3DIdentity; 24 blueLayerTransform = CATransform3DTranslate(blueLayerTransform, 0, 0, 50); 25 blueLayer.transform = blueLayerTransform; 26 27 redLayer = CALayer() 28 redLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 200, 200) 29 redLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor 30 outLayer.addSublayer(redLayer) 31 32 var fromValue = CATransform3DIdentity 33 fromValue.m34 = -1 / 500.0 34 fromValue = CATransform3DRotate(fromValue, 0, 0, 1, 0) 35 36 var toValue = CATransform3DIdentity 37 toValue.m34 = -1 / 500.0 38 toValue = CATransform3DRotate(toValue, CGFloat( M_PI ), 0, 1, 0) 39 40 var basicAnimation = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "transform") 41 basicAnimation.duration = 1.0 42 basicAnimation.fromValue = NSValue(CATransform3D:fromValue) 43 basicAnimation.toValue = NSValue(CATransform3D:toValue) 44 outLayer.transform = toValue 45 outLayer.addAnimation(basicAnimation, forKey: "transform3D")
CAGradientLayer
CAGradientLayer它主要是可以设置渐变色,通过colors属性和,startPoint和endPoint设置过渡颜色和位置,这时候设置背景色是没有用的
1 gradientLayer = CAGradientLayer()
2 gradientLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 300, 300)
3 gradientLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.grayColor().CGColor
4 self.view.layer.addSublayer(gradientLayer)
5
6 gradientLayer.colors = [UIColor.redColor().CGColor,UIColor.blueColor().CGColor, UIColor.greenColor().CGColor]
7 gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0)
8 gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(1, 1)
它还有一个locations属性,可以设置每个渐变色的间距,这个数组的长度需要和colors数组的长度相同,location的值是按endPoint的值来说的,不是是多少及时多少
CAReplicatorLayer
CAReplicatorLayer可以使用在需要创建多个同样的layer只是轨迹颜色有规则的变化的时候,它会把它的子图层有规律的重复展示出来,而可以设置它重复的次数/每次渐变的颜色递增递减值/每次transform变换的路径.
1 repeatLayer = CAReplicatorLayer()
2 repeatLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 300, 300)
3 repeatLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.grayColor().CGColor
4 self.view.layer.addSublayer(repeatLayer)
5
6 var transform = CATransform3DIdentity
7 transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform, 0, 100, 0);
8 transform = CATransform3DRotate(transform, CGFloat( M_PI / 5.0 ), 0, 0, 1);
9 transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform, 0, -100, 0);
10 repeatLayer.instanceTransform = transform;
11
12 repeatLayer.instanceCount = 10
13
14 repeatLayer.instanceBlueOffset = -0.1
15 repeatLayer.instanceRedOffset = -0.1
16
17 var layer = CALayer()
18 layer.frame = CGRect(x: 125, y: 125, 50, height: 50)
19 layer.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor
20 repeatLayer.addSublayer(layer)
它最后的结果就是一圈颜色递变的正方形,它可以做动画中一个飞机的路径等效果.它的一个重要实际用处就是做倒影,因为如果做图层的复制的话,倒影不可能跟着原layer做实时更新,而CAReplicatorLayer就可以做到.
1 reflectionLayer = CAReplicatorLayer() 2 var img = UIImage(named: "3333.jpg") 3 reflectionLayer.frame = CGRectMake((self.view.bounds.size.width - img!.size.width) / 2 , 100, img!.size.width, img!.size.height * 1.5) 4 reflectionLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.grayColor().CGColor 5 self.view.layer.addSublayer(reflectionLayer) 6 7 var transform = CATransform3DIdentity 8 transform = CATransform3DScale(transform, 1, -0.5, 1); 9 transform = CATransform3DTranslate(transform, 0, -img!.size.height * 3 / 4 + 2, 0.0); 10 reflectionLayer.instanceTransform = transform; 11 12 reflectionLayer.instanceCount = 2 13 14 var imageLayer = CALayer() 15 imageLayer.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, img!.size.width, height: img!.size.height) 16 imageLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor 17 imageLayer.contents = img!.CGImage 18 //layer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0) 19 reflectionLayer.addSublayer(imageLayer) 20 21 //设置透明度,在外面用个层来设置 22 var gradientLayer = CAGradientLayer() 23 gradientLayer.colors = [UIColor.whiteColor().colorWithAlphaComponent(0.2).CGColor, UIColor.whiteColor().CGColor] 24 gradientLayer.frame = CGRectMake(reflectionLayer.frame.origin.x , reflectionLayer.frame.origin.y + reflectionLayer.frame.size.height / 3.0 * 2, reflectionLayer.frame.size.width, reflectionLayer.frame.size.height / 2) 25 self.view.layer.addSublayer(gradientLayer) 26 27 28 //设置文字 29 var textLayer = CATextLayer() 30 textLayer.frame = CGRectMake(80, 50, 200, 300) 31 self.view.layer.addSublayer(textLayer) 32 33 //设置它的属性 34 textLayer.foregroundColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor 35 textLayer.alignmentMode = kCAAlignmentJustified 36 textLayer.wrapped = true 37 38 //它的font是CGFont类型,需要大小字体分开设置 39 var font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(24) 40 textLayer.font = CGFontCreateWithFontName(font.fontName) 41 textLayer.fontSize = font.pointSize 42 43 var textStr = "What a fuck!" 44 textLayer.string = textStr 45 46 //它contentScale默认是1,为了让它以retina的质量来显示,设置为2 47 textLayer.contentsScale = UIScreen.mainScreen().scale 48 49 imageLayer.addSublayer(textLayer) 50 51 52 var basicAnimation = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "position.y") 53 basicAnimation.duration = 2.0 54 basicAnimation.fromValue = Float( textLayer.position.y ) 55 var toValue:Float = Float( textLayer.position.y + 100.0) 56 basicAnimation.toValue = NSNumber(float: toValue) 57 basicAnimation.removedOnCompletion = true 58 basicAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards 59 textLayer.addAnimation(basicAnimation, forKey: nil) 60 61 // textLayer.frame.origin.y = CGFloat( toValue) 62 textLayer.position = CGPointMake(textLayer.position.x, textLayer.position.y + 100.0)
CAScrollLayer
CAScrollLayer和UIScrollView类似,它和CALayer相比多了个scrollPoint的方法,如果要用这个方法可以使用CAScrollLayer
1 NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2, target: self, selector: NSSelectorFromString("setPosition"), userInfo: nil, repeats: false)
2
3 func setPosition () {
4 self.scrollLayer.scrollToPoint(CGPointMake(0, 100))
5 }
CATiledLayer
CATiledLayer的可以做到图片/PDF等的分割显示,如果一个一张图片分辨率超过2048*2048(因平台不同),超过了OpenGL最大纹理尺寸,所以会有性能问题,一个PDF一般也比较大,所以容易出现性能问题(后面会单独写一个demo)
CAEmitterLayer
CAEmitterLayer能模仿粒子反射,如果火焰等,能控制粒子颜色/放射的速率,透明度,方向,个数等.
1 emitterLayer = CAEmitterLayer()
2 emitterLayer.frame = CGRectMake(100 , 100, 200, 200)
3 emitterLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.grayColor().CGColor
4 self.view.layer.addSublayer(emitterLayer)
5
6 emitterLayer.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerAdditive
7 emitterLayer.emitterPosition = CGPointMake(emitterLayer.frame.size.width / 2, emitterLayer.frame.size.height / 2)
8
9 var cell = CAEmitterCell()
10 cell.contents = UIImage(named: "lizi.png")?.CGImage
11 cell.birthRate = 10 //粒子出现的速率
12 cell.lifetime = 4.0 //声明周期,秒
13 cell.emissionRange = 2 //发射的方向
14
15 cell.color = UIColor(red: 1, green: 1, blue: 0.5, alpha: 1).CGColor //粒子的颜色
16 cell.alphaSpeed = -0.4 //透明度改变速率
17 cell.velocity = 50//粒子运动速度
18 cell.velocityRange = 100//粒子速度范围,约束速度
19
20 emitterLayer.emitterCells = [cell]
CAEAGLLayer
它是一个提供用OpenGL ES来绘图的layer,它可以预先假设要绘制的类型,快速绘制,它可以配合GLKit中的CLKView使用,具体demo专门写.
AVFoundation
它是foundation框架里的,但是和layer的使用是一致的,demo如下
1 var urlStr = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("1.mp4", ofType: nil)
2 var url = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: urlStr!)
3 var player = AVPlayer(URL: url)
4
5 var playLayer = AVPlayerLayer(player: player)
6 playLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0,400, 300)
7 playLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.grayColor().CGColor
8 self.view.layer.addSublayer(playLayer)
9
10 player.play()