傻瓜式解读koa中间件处理模块koa-compose

最近需要单独使用到koa-compose这个模块，虽然使用koa的时候大致知道中间件的执行流程，但是没仔细研究过源码用起来还是不放心(主要是这个模块代码少，多的话也没兴趣去研究了)。

koa-compose看起来代码少，但是确实绕。闭包，递归，Promise。。。看了一遍脑子里绕不清楚。看了网上几篇解读文章，都是针对单行代码做解释，还是绕不清楚。最后只好采取一种傻瓜的方式：

koa-compose去掉一些注释，类型校验后，源码如下：

function compose (middleware) {
  return function (context, next) {
    // last called middleware #
    let index = -1
    return dispatch(0)
    function dispatch (i) {
      if (i <= index) return Promise.reject(new Error('next() called multiple times'))
      index = i
      let fn = middleware[i]
      if (i === middleware.length) fn = next
      if (!fn) return Promise.resolve()
      try {
        return Promise.resolve(fn(context, dispatch.bind(null, i + 1)));
      } catch (err) {
        return Promise.reject(err)
      }
    }
  }
}

写出如下代码：

var index = -1;
function compose() {
    return dispatch(0)
}
function dispatch (i) {
      if (i <= index) return Promise.reject(new Error('next() called multiple times'))
      index = i
      var fn = middleware[i]
      if (i === middleware.length) fn = next
      if (!fn) return Promise.resolve('fn is undefined')
      try {
        return Promise.resolve(fn(context, dispatch.bind(null, i + 1)));
      } catch (err) {
        return Promise.reject(err)
      }
 }
 
 function f1(context,next){
    console.log('middleware 1');
    next().then(data=>console.log(data));
    console.log('middleware 1');
    return 'middleware 1 return';
  }
  function f2(context,next){
    console.log('middleware 2');
    next().then(data=>console.log(data));
    console.log('middleware 2');
    return 'middleware 2 return';
  }
  function f3(context,next){
    console.log('middleware 3');
    next().then(data=>console.log(data));
    console.log('middleware 3');
    return 'middleware 3 return';
  }
var middleware=[
  f1,f2,f3
]

var context={};
var next=function(context,next){
    console.log('middleware 4');
    next().then(data=>console.log(data));
    console.log('middleware 4');
    return 'middleware 4 return';
};
compose().then(data=>console.log(data));

直接运行结果如下：

"middleware 1"

"middleware 2"

"middleware 3"

"middleware 4"

"middleware 4"

"middleware 3"

"middleware 2"

"middleware 1"

"fn is undefined"

"middleware 4 return"

"middleware 3 return"

"middleware 2 return"

"middleware 1 return"

按着代码运行流程一步步分析：

dispatch(0)

i0,index-1 i>index 往下

index=0

fn=f1

Promise.resolve(f1(context, dispatch.bind(null, 0 + 1)))

这就会执行

f1(context, dispatch.bind(null, 0 + 1))

进入到f1执行上下文

console.log('middleware 1');

输出middleware 1

next()

其实就是调用dispatch(1) bind的功劳

递归开始

dispatch(1)

i1,index0 i>index 往下

index=1

fn=f2

Promise.resolve(f2(context, dispatch.bind(null, 1 + 1)))

这就会执行

f2(context, dispatch.bind(null, 1 + 1))

进入到f2执行上下文

console.log('middleware 2');

输出middleware 2

next()

其实就是调用dispatch(2)

接着递归

dispatch(2)

i2,index1 i>index 往下

index=2

fn=f3

Promise.resolve(f3(context, dispatch.bind(null, 2 + 1)))

这就会执行

f3(context, dispatch.bind(null, 2 + 1))

进入到f3执行上下文

console.log('middleware 3');

输出middleware 3

next()

其实就是调用dispatch(3)

接着递归

dispatch(3)

i3,index2 i>index 往下

index=3

i === middleware.length

fn=next

Promise.resolve(next(context, dispatch.bind(null, 3 + 1)))

这就会执行

next(context, dispatch.bind(null, 3 + 1))

进入到next执行上下文

console.log('middleware 4');

输出middleware 4

next()

其实就是调用dispatch(4)

接着递归

dispatch(4)

i4,index3 i>index 往下

index=4

fn=middleware[4]

fn=undefined

reuturn Promise.resolve('fn is undefined')

回到next执行上下文

console.log('middleware 4');

输出middleware 4

return 'middleware 4 return'

Promise.resolve('middleware 4 return')

回到f3执行上下文

console.log('middleware 3');

输出middleware 3

return 'middleware 3 return'

Promise.resolve('middleware 3 return')

回到f2执行上下文

console.log('middleware 2');

输出middleware 2

return 'middleware 2 return'

Promise.resolve('middleware 2 return')

回到f1执行上下文

console.log('middleware 1');

输出middleware 1

return 'middleware 1 return'

Promise.resolve('middleware 1 return')

回到全局上下文

至此已经输出

"middleware 1"

"middleware 2"

"middleware 3"

"middleware 4"

"middleware 4"

"middleware 3"

"middleware 2"

"middleware 1"

那么

"fn is undefined"

"middleware 4 return"

"middleware 3 return"

"middleware 2 return"

"middleware 1 return"

怎么来的呢

回头看一下，每个中间件里都有

next().then(data=>console.log(data));

按照之前的分析，then里最先拿到结果的应该是next中间件的，而且结果就是Promise.resolve('fn is undefined')的结果，然后分别是f4,f3,f2,f1。那么为什么都是最后才输出呢？

Promise.resolve('fn is undefined').then(data=>console.log(data));
console.log('middleware 4');

运行一下就清楚了

或者

setTimeout(()=>console.log('fn is undefined'),0);
console.log('middleware 4');

整个调用过程还可以看成是这样的：

function composeDetail(){
  return Promise.resolve(
    f1(context,function(){
      return Promise.resolve(
        f2(context,function(){
          return Promise.resolve(
            f3(context,function(){
              return Promise.resolve(
                next(context,function(){
                  return Promise.resolve('fn is undefined')
                })
              )
            })
          )
        })
      )
    })
  )
}
composeDetail().then(data=>console.log(data));

方法虽蠢，但是compose的作用不言而喻了

最后，if (i <= index) return Promise.reject(new Error('next() called multiple times'))这句代码何时回其作用呢？

一个中间件里调用两次next()，按照上面的套路走，相信很快就明白了。