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  • synchronized与Lock的区别

    两者区别:

    1.首先synchronized是java内置关键字,在jvm层面,Lock是个java类;

    2.synchronized无法判断是否获取锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获取到锁;

    3.synchronized会自动释放锁(a 线程执行完同步代码会释放锁 ;b 线程执行过程中发生异常会释放锁),Lock需在finally中手工释放锁(unlock()方法释放锁),否则容易造成线程死锁;

    4.用synchronized关键字的两个线程1和线程2,如果当前线程1获得锁,线程2线程等待。如果线程1阻塞,线程2则会一直等待下去,而Lock锁就不一定会等待下去,如果尝试获取不到锁,线程可以不用一直等待就结束了;

    5.synchronized的锁可重入、不可中断、非公平,而Lock锁可重入、可判断、可公平(两者皆可)

    6.Lock锁适合大量同步的代码的同步问题,synchronized锁适合代码少量的同步问题。

    小例子:

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    package com.cn.test.thread.lock;
     
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
     
    public class LockTest {
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        /*
         * 使用完毕释放后其他线程才能获取锁
         */
        public void lockTest(Thread thread) {
            lock.lock();//获取锁
            try {
                System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称
                Thread.sleep(2000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒
            catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁");
            }finally {
                System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁");
                lock.unlock(); //释放锁
            }
        }
         
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            LockTest lockTest = new LockTest();
            //声明一个线程 “线程一”
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    lockTest.lockTest(Thread.currentThread());
                }
            }, "thread1");
            //声明一个线程 “线程二”
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
     
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    lockTest.lockTest(Thread.currentThread());
                }
            }, "thread2");
            // 启动2个线程
            thread2.start();
            thread1.start();
     
        }
    }

    执行结果:

      

    复制代码
    package com.cn.test.thread.lock;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    public class LockTest {
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        
        /*
         * 尝试获取锁 tryLock() 它表示用来尝试获取锁,如果获取成功,则返回true,如果获取失败(即锁已被其他线程获取),则返回false
         */
        public void tryLockTest(Thread thread) {
            if(lock.tryLock()) { //尝试获取锁
                try {
                    System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称
                    Thread.sleep(2000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁");
                }finally {
                    System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁");
                    lock.unlock(); //释放锁
                }
            }else{
                System.out.println("我是线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前锁被别人占用,我无法获取");
            }
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            LockTest lockTest = new LockTest();
            
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    lockTest.tryLockTest(Thread.currentThread());
                }
            }, "thread1");
            //声明一个线程 “线程二”
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    lockTest.tryLockTest(Thread.currentThread());
                }
            }, "thread2");
            // 启动2个线程
            thread2.start();
            thread1.start();
    
    
        }
    }
    复制代码

    执行结果:

    复制代码
    package com.cn.test.thread.lock;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
    
    public class LockTest {
        private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        public void tryLockParamTest(Thread thread) throws InterruptedException {
            if(lock.tryLock(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) { //尝试获取锁 获取不到锁,就等3秒,如果3秒后还是获取不到就返回false  
                try {
                    System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "获取当前锁"); //打印当前锁的名称
                    Thread.sleep(4000);//为看出执行效果,是线程此处休眠2秒
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "发生了异常释放锁");
                }finally {
                    System.out.println("线程"+thread.getName() + "执行完毕释放锁");
                    lock.unlock(); //释放锁
                }
            }else{
                System.out.println("我是线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"当前锁被别人占用,等待3s后仍无法获取,放弃");
            }
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            LockTest lockTest = new LockTest();
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        lockTest.tryLockParamTest(Thread.currentThread());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "thread1");
            //声明一个线程 “线程二”
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        lockTest.tryLockParamTest(Thread.currentThread());
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }, "thread2");
            // 启动2个线程
            thread2.start();
            thread1.start();
        }
    }
    复制代码

    执行结果:

    因为此时线程1休眠了4秒,线程2等待了3秒还没有获取到就放弃获取锁了,执行结束

    将方法中的 Thread.sleep(4000)改为Thread.sleep(2000)执行结果如下:

    因为此时线程1休眠了2秒,线程2等待了3秒的期间线程1释放了锁,此时线程2获取到锁,线程2就可以执行了

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luizw/p/11099580.html
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