在Hive中还有一项比较好用的功能,也是非常重要的功能:在建表的时候可以不指定表的行、字段、列的分隔方式,通过给表指定一段正则表达式,让Hive自动去匹配;
1、创建表
CREATE TABLE apachelog ( dates STRING, times STRING, types STRING, info STRING) ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.RegexSerDe' WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ( "input.regex" = "(^[0-9|-]{0,}) ([^ ]*) (INFO|ERROR) ([^*]*)$" ) STORED AS TEXTFILE;
2、日志文件内容
$ vi /opt/apachelog
# 下面是一段hadoop的日志内容
2016-01-23 14:22:04,407 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2: Jetty bound to port 8480 2016-01-23 14:22:04,407 INFO org.mortbay.log: jetty-6.1.26 2016-01-23 14:22:05,065 INFO org.mortbay.log: Started HttpServer2$SelectChannelConnectorWithSafeStartup@0.0.0.0:8480 2016-01-23 14:22:05,357 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.CallQueueManager: Using callQueue class java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue 2016-01-23 14:22:05,428 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: Starting Socket Reader #1 for port 8485 2016-01-23 14:22:05,470 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server Responder: starting 2016-01-23 14:22:05,472 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server listener on 8485: starting 2016-01-23 16:00:15,525 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.server.JournalNode: RECEIVED SIGNAL 15: SIGTERM 2016-01-23 16:00:15,531 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.server.JournalNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
3、导入本地数据
hive> load data local inpath '/opt/apachelog' overwrite into table apachelog;
4、查看结果
hive> select * from apachelog; OK 2016-01-23 14:22:04,407 INFO org.apache.hadoop.http.HttpServer2: Jetty bound to port 8480 2016-01-23 14:22:04,407 INFO org.mortbay.log: jetty-6.1.26 2016-01-23 14:22:05,065 INFO org.mortbay.log: Started HttpServer2$SelectChannelConnectorWithSafeStartup@0.0.0.0:8480 2016-01-23 14:22:05,357 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.CallQueueManager: Using callQueue class java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue 2016-01-23 14:22:05,428 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: Starting Socket Reader #1 for port 8485 2016-01-23 14:22:05,470 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server Responder: starting 2016-01-23 14:22:05,472 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server listener on 8485: starting 2016-01-23 16:00:15,525 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.server.JournalNode: RECEIVED SIGNAL 15: SIGTERM 2016-01-23 16:00:15,531 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.qjournal.server.JournalNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: Time taken: 0.518 seconds, Fetched: 9 row(s)
这种方式在导入数据到Hive中时,是非常方便的。