python 模块和模块sys.argv

In [5]: import os

In [6]: os.__file__
Out[6]: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/os.pyc'

In [7]: import random

In [8]: random.__file__
Out[8]: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/random.pyc'

In [9]: ll /usr/local/lib/python2.7/ |head
total 12276
-rw-r--r--  1 root  18619 Sep 23 07:20 _abcoll.py
-rw-r--r--  1 root  26098 Sep 23 07:20 _abcoll.pyc
-rw-r--r--  1 root  26098 Sep 23 07:21 _abcoll.pyo
-rw-r--r--  1 root   7145 Sep 23 07:20 abc.py
-rw-r--r--  1 root   6187 Sep 23 07:20 abc.pyc
-rw-r--r--  1 root   6131 Sep 23 07:21 abc.pyo
-rw-r--r--  1 root  34547 Sep 23 07:20 aifc.py
-rw-r--r--  1 root  30740 Sep 23 07:20 aifc.pyc
-rw-r--r--  1 root  30740 Sep 23 07:21 aifc.pyo

 ##############制作简单的模块#############

vim sendmsg.py
#!/usr/local/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

def test1():
    print('---test1---')



[root@master module]# vim main.py
#!/usr/local/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import sendmsg


sendmsg.test1

[root@master module]# python3 main.py 
---test1---

[root@master module]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   82 Oct 16 10:15 main.py
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 10:16 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   87 Oct 16 10:13 sendmsg.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  260 Oct 16 10:15 sendmsg.pyc

[root@master module]# tree
.
├── main.py
├── __pycache__
│   └── sendmsg.cpython-35.pyc
├── sendmsg.py
└── sendmsg.pyc

1 directory, 4 files
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@master module]# pwd
/home/weixin/module

提示：尽量少使用*号

############################包和模块的概念#################

简单点就是：.py 文件就是模块    

包：在一个文件夹里面有py文件，又有__init__.py文件的就是包

[root@master bao]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 14:27 Testmsg     ##这是一个目录
[root@master bao]# tree 
.
└── Testmsg                    
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── recevemsg.py
    └── sendmsg.py

备注：##在python3会认为Testmsg这就是一个包，在没有__init__.py文件的情况下，可以import Testmsg 成功，但是无法使用里面的模块；python2则一定要有
       __init__.py文件的情况下，才可以import Testmsg 成功，但是也无法使用里面的模块。

__init__.py 文件只要在import Testmsg 就会被执行；
怎么使用模块呢？？？？

[root@master Testmsg]# vim __init__.py
#!/usr/local/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from . import recevemsg
from . import sendmsg


[root@master bao]# ipython
In [1]: import Testmsg

In [2]: Testmsg.recevemsg.rmsg()
---recevemmessage---

In [3]: Testmsg.sendmsg.smsg()
---sendmessage---

[root@master bao]# python3
Python 3.5.4 (default, Oct  7 2017, 12:39:20) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-17)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import Testmsg
>>> Testmsg.sendmsg.smsg()    
---sendmessage---
>>> Testmsg.recevemsg.rmsg()
---recevemmessage---

>>> Testmsg.__file__
'/home/weixin/module/bao/Testmsg/__init__.py'
>>> import os
>>> os.__file__
'/usr/local/lib/python3.5/os.py'

 ###################发布自己的模块####################

[root@master 01-发布模块]# ll
total 12-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  162 Oct 16 16:02 setup.py  
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 16:00 Testmsg        
[root@master 01-发布模块]# pwd
/home/weixin/module/01-发布模块

[root@master 01-发布模块]# tree Testmsg/
Testmsg/
├── __init__.py
├── __init__.pyc
├── __pycache__
│   ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│   ├── recevemsg.cpython-35.pyc
│   └── sendmsg.cpython-35.pyc
├── recevemsg.py
├── recevemsg.pyc
├── sendmsg.py
└── sendmsg.pyc

[root@master 01-发布模块]# cat setup.py     #这个文件需要创建，并加入如下内容
from distutils.core import setup

setup(name="fush",version="1.0",description="fush’s module",author="fush",py_modules=["Testmsg.sendmsg",'Testmsg.recevemsg'])

备注：py_modules=["Testmsg.sendmsg",'Testmsg.recevemsg']   Testmsg 是包名也就是文件夹，sendmsg和recevemsg 是模块名

最后执行：

[root@master 01-发布模块]# python3 setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/Testmsg
copying Testmsg/__init__.py -> build/lib/Testmsg
copying Testmsg/sendmsg.py -> build/lib/Testmsg
copying Testmsg/recevemsg.py -> build/lib/Testmsg

此时：

[root@master 01-发布模块]# tree
.
├── build
│   └── lib
│   └── Testmsg
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── recevemsg.py
│   └── sendmsg.py
├── setup.py
└── Testmsg
├── __init__.py
├── __init__.pyc
├── __pycache__
│   ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│   ├── recevemsg.cpython-35.pyc
│   └── sendmsg.cpython-35.pyc
├── recevemsg.py
├── recevemsg.pyc
├── sendmsg.py
└── sendmsg.pyc

再执行：

[root@master 01-发布模块]# python3 setup.py sdist
running sdist
running check
warning: check: missing required meta-data: url

warning: check: missing meta-data: if 'author' supplied, 'author_email' must be supplied too

warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list)

warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt

writing manifest file 'MANIFEST'
creating fush-1.0
creating fush-1.0/Testmsg
making hard links in fush-1.0...
hard linking setup.py -> fush-1.0
hard linking Testmsg/__init__.py -> fush-1.0/Testmsg
hard linking Testmsg/recevemsg.py -> fush-1.0/Testmsg
hard linking Testmsg/sendmsg.py -> fush-1.0/Testmsg
creating dist
Creating tar archive
removing 'fush-1.0' (and everything under it)

此时：

[root@master 01-发布模块]# tree
.
├── build
│   └── lib
│   └── Testmsg
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── recevemsg.py
│   └── sendmsg.py
├── dist
│   └── fush-1.0.tar.gz
├── MANIFEST
├── setup.py
└── Testmsg
├── __init__.py
├── __init__.pyc
├── __pycache__
│   ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│   ├── recevemsg.cpython-35.pyc
│   └── sendmsg.cpython-35.pyc
├── recevemsg.py
├── recevemsg.pyc
├── sendmsg.py
└── sendmsg.pyc

再接下来（模拟下载模块安装）：

[root@master 01-发布模块]# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 16:02 build
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 16:09 dist
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 112 Oct 16 16:09 MANIFEST
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 162 Oct 16 16:02 setup.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 16:00 Testmsg
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@master 01-发布模块]# cd dist/
[root@master dist]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 602 Oct 16 16:09 fush-1.0.tar.gz
[root@master dist]# cp ./fush-1.0.tar.gz ~/
[root@master dist]# cd
[root@master ~]# ll
total 236
-rw-------. 1 root root 1096 May 31 2016 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 602 Oct 16 16:17 fush-1.0.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 6 23:11 fush.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9795 May 31 2016 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3091 May 31 2016 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 11:32 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 7 04:47 tool
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 201676 Sep 26 22:08 wc.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333 Oct 10 14:33 存放家具oop.py
[root@master ~]# tar xf fush-1.0.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# ll
total 240
-rw-------. 1 root root 1096 May 31 2016 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 16:09 fush-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 602 Oct 16 16:17 fush-1.0.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 6 23:11 fush.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9795 May 31 2016 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3091 May 31 2016 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 11:32 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 7 04:47 tool
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 201676 Sep 26 22:08 wc.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 333 Oct 10 14:33 存放家具oop.py
[root@master ~]# tree fush-1.0      ##跟之前制作的内容是一样的，只有PKG-INFO是多出来的
fush-1.0
├── PKG-INFO
├── setup.py
└── Testmsg
├── __init__.py
├── recevemsg.py
└── sendmsg.py

1 directory, 5 files
[root@master ~]# cat fush-1.0/PKG-INFO
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: fush
Version: 1.0
Summary: fush’s module
Home-page: UNKNOWN
Author: fush
Author-email: UNKNOWN
License: UNKNOWN
Description: UNKNOWN
Platform: UNKNOWN

最后安装：

[root@master ~]# cd fush-1.0
[root@master fush-1.0]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 181 Oct 16 16:09 PKG-INFO
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 162 Oct 16 16:02 setup.py
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 16:09 Testmsg
[root@master fush-1.0]# python3 setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/Testmsg
copying Testmsg/__init__.py -> build/lib/Testmsg
copying Testmsg/sendmsg.py -> build/lib/Testmsg
copying Testmsg/recevemsg.py -> build/lib/Testmsg
running install_lib
creating /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg
copying build/lib/Testmsg/__init__.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg
copying build/lib/Testmsg/sendmsg.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg
copying build/lib/Testmsg/recevemsg.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg/__init__.py to __init__.cpython-35.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg/sendmsg.py to sendmsg.cpython-35.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/Testmsg/recevemsg.py to recevemsg.cpython-35.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/fush-1.0-py3.5.egg-info

测试：

[root@master ~]# python3

>>> import Testmsg

>>> Testmsg.sendmsg.smsg()
---sendmessage---
>>> from Testmsg import sendmsg
>>> sendmsg.smsg()
---sendmessage---

这样就OK 了。

#########模块的导入先后顺序##################

我们import module 的时候，python 是怎么查找的呢？

In [2]: import sys

In [3]: sys.path
Out[3]: 
['',
 '/usr/local/bin',
 '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions',
 '/root/.ipython']

以上就是路劲，默认从当前路径找，然后从上/usr/local/bin到下开始找，由于这是一个列表，所以我们可以使用sys.path.append() 来添加路径；
例如：sys.path.append('/home/weixin')
In [4]: sys.path.append('/home/weixin')

In [5]: sys.path
Out[5]: 
['',
 '/usr/local/bin',
 '/usr/local/lib/python27.zip',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages',
 '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/IPython/extensions',
 '/root/.ipython',
 '/home/weixin']

################模块重新导入##########

###############sys.argv###############

#!/usr/local/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-


import sys


print(sys.argv)
print(sys.argv[0])
print(sys.argv[1])
print(sys.argv[2])


[root@master weixin]# python sysargv.py fush tt uu
['sysargv.py', 'fush', 'tt', 'uu']                    ##sys.argv
sysargv.py                                            ##sys.agrv[0]
fush                                                  ##sys.argv[1]
tt                                                    ##sys.argv[2]