前言
进程是操作系统进行资源分配和调度的基本单位，线程是操作系统能够进行运算调度的最小单位，一个进程可以有很多线程，每个线程并行执行不同的任务，java中的线程就是Thread类。
简单使用
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread testThread = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
});
testThread.setName("TestThread");
testThread.start();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
}
输出结果为
main is running
TestThread is running
创建一个名称为TestThread的线程并启动。
源码分析
/**
* 启动线程，JVM会调用run()方法
*/
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
/* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
* so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
* and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
group.add(this);
boolean started = false;
try {
start0();
started = true;
} finally {
try {
if (!started) {
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
/* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
it will be passed up the call stack */
}
}
}
private native void start0();
启动流程会调用start0()方法，是一个本地方法，我们可以跟到openjdk源码中查看一下，这里以java11为例，github地址。
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
{"start0", "()V", (void *)&JVM_StartThread},
{"stop0", "(" OBJ ")V", (void *)&JVM_StopThread},
{"isAlive", "()Z", (void *)&JVM_IsThreadAlive},
{"suspend0", "()V", (void *)&JVM_SuspendThread},
{"resume0", "()V", (void *)&JVM_ResumeThread},
{"setPriority0", "(I)V", (void *)&JVM_SetThreadPriority},
{"yield", "()V", (void *)&JVM_Yield},
{"sleep", "(J)V", (void *)&JVM_Sleep},
{"currentThread", "()" THD, (void *)&JVM_CurrentThread},
{"interrupt0", "()V", (void *)&JVM_Interrupt},
{"holdsLock", "(" OBJ ")Z", (void *)&JVM_HoldsLock},
{"getThreads", "()[" THD, (void *)&JVM_GetAllThreads},
{"dumpThreads", "([" THD ")[[" STE, (void *)&JVM_DumpThreads},
{"setNativeName", "(" STR ")V", (void *)&JVM_SetNativeThreadName},
};
JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
Java_java_lang_Thread_registerNatives(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls)
{
(*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, ARRAY_LENGTH(methods));
}
路径为srcjava.baseshare ativelibjavaThread.c，可以看到start0()方法是通过JVM_StartThread()方法实现的。
JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_StartThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject jthread))
JavaThread *native_thread = NULL;
bool throw_illegal_thread_state = false;
// We must release the Threads_lock before we can post a jvmti event
// in Thread::start.
{
// 获取互斥锁
MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);
// 确保线程没有被启动
if (java_lang_Thread::thread(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread)) != NULL) {
throw_illegal_thread_state = true;
} else {
jlong size =
java_lang_Thread::stackSize(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread));
NOT_LP64(if (size > SIZE_MAX) size = SIZE_MAX;)
size_t sz = size > 0 ? (size_t) size : 0;
native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);
// JavaThread constructor.
if (native_thread->osthread() != NULL) {
// Note: the current thread is not being used within "prepare".
native_thread->prepare(jthread);
}
}
}
路径为srchotspotshareprimsjvm.cpp，是C++实现的。JavaThread表示jvm中的线程。
JavaThread::JavaThread(ThreadFunction entry_point, size_t stack_sz) : JavaThread() {
_jni_attach_state = _not_attaching_via_jni;
set_entry_point(entry_point);
// Create the native thread itself.
// %note runtime_23
os::ThreadType thr_type = os::java_thread;
thr_type = entry_point == &CompilerThread::thread_entry ? os::compiler_thread :
os::java_thread;
// 创建一个操作系统层面的线程
os::create_thread(this, thr_type, stack_sz);
}
路径为srchotspotshare untime hread.cpp。
bool os::create_thread(Thread* thread, ThreadType thr_type,
size_t req_stack_size) {
assert(thread->osthread() == NULL, "caller responsible");
// Allocate the OSThread object
OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);
if (osthread == NULL) {
return false;
}
// set the correct thread state
osthread->set_thread_type(thr_type);
// Initial state is ALLOCATED but not INITIALIZED
osthread->set_state(ALLOCATED);
thread->set_osthread(osthread);
// init thread attributes
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
// Calculate stack size if it's not specified by caller.
size_t stack_size = os::Posix::get_initial_stack_size(thr_type, req_stack_size);
// In glibc versions prior to 2.7 the guard size mechanism
// is not implemented properly. The posix standard requires adding
// the size of the guard pages to the stack size, instead Linux
// takes the space out of 'stacksize'. Thus we adapt the requested
// stack_size by the size of the guard pages to mimick proper
// behaviour. However, be careful not to end up with a size
// of zero due to overflow. Don't add the guard page in that case.
size_t guard_size = os::Linux::default_guard_size(thr_type);
// Configure glibc guard page. Must happen before calling
// get_static_tls_area_size(), which uses the guard_size.
pthread_attr_setguardsize(&attr, guard_size);
size_t stack_adjust_size = 0;
if (AdjustStackSizeForTLS) {
// Adjust the stack_size for on-stack TLS - see get_static_tls_area_size().
stack_adjust_size += get_static_tls_area_size(&attr);
} else {
stack_adjust_size += guard_size;
}
stack_adjust_size = align_up(stack_adjust_size, os::vm_page_size());
if (stack_size <= SIZE_MAX - stack_adjust_size) {
stack_size += stack_adjust_size;
}
assert(is_aligned(stack_size, os::vm_page_size()), "stack_size not aligned");
int status = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stack_size);
if (status != 0) {
// pthread_attr_setstacksize() function can fail
// if the stack size exceeds a system-imposed limit.
assert_status(status == EINVAL, status, "pthread_attr_setstacksize");
log_warning(os, thread)("The %sthread stack size specified is invalid: " SIZE_FORMAT "k",
(thr_type == compiler_thread) ? "compiler " : ((thr_type == java_thread) ? "" : "VM "),
stack_size / K);
thread->set_osthread(NULL);
delete osthread;
return false;
}
ThreadState state;
{
pthread_t tid;
int ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void* (*)(void*)) thread_native_entry, thread);
}
这个方法不同的操作系统有不同的实现，这里以linux为例，路径为srchotspotoslinuxos_linux.cpp。重点看pthread_create()方法中的thread_native_entry参数。
// create new thread
// Thread start routine for all newly created threads
static void *thread_native_entry(Thread *thread) {
thread->record_stack_base_and_size();
static int counter = 0;
int pid = os::current_process_id();
alloca(((pid ^ counter++) & 7) * 128);
thread->initialize_thread_current();
OSThread* osthread = thread->osthread();
Monitor* sync = osthread->startThread_lock();
osthread->set_thread_id(os::current_thread_id());
log_info(os, thread)("Thread is alive (tid: " UINTX_FORMAT ", pthread id: " UINTX_FORMAT ").",
os::current_thread_id(), (uintx) pthread_self());
if (UseNUMA) {
int lgrp_id = os::numa_get_group_id();
if (lgrp_id != -1) {
thread->set_lgrp_id(lgrp_id);
}
}
// initialize signal mask for this thread
PosixSignals::hotspot_sigmask(thread);
// initialize floating point control register
os::Linux::init_thread_fpu_state();
// handshaking with parent thread
{
MutexLocker ml(sync, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
// notify parent thread
osthread->set_state(INITIALIZED);
// 唤醒所有在等待的线程
sync->notify_all();
// wait until os::start_thread()
while (osthread->get_state() == INITIALIZED) {
sync->wait_without_safepoint_check();
}
}
assert(osthread->pthread_id() != 0, "pthread_id was not set as expected");
// 调用java中run()方法
thread->call_run();
}
线程启动流程基本就是这样。