用Python修改本机适配器信息

主要参考来自【用Python干实事（一）自动修改Windows的IP、网关和DNS设置】。

使用_winreg模块来操作注册表实现相关信息的修改，它是python的内置模块。也可以通过Win32 Extension For Python的wmi模块来实现.

主要用到函数如下：

1.读取注册表

_winreg.OpenKey(key,sub_key,res=0,sam=KEY_READ)

2.枚举当前打开Key的SubKey

_winreg.EnumKey(key, index)

3.查询当前Key的Value和Data

_winreg.QueryValueEx(key, value_name)

4.设置当前key，type下的Value_name的值为value

_winreg.SetValueEx(key, value_name, reserved, type, value)

5.关闭按当前key

_winreg.CloseKey(hkey)

后面输入IP使用正则表达式来进行格式的判断，正则表达式来自【判断IP与MAC地址的正则表达式！！】，运行涉及到修改注册表需要管理员权限。

完整的源代码如下：

#-*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
import _winreg, os, sys, re
from ctypes import *

#更改系统默认编码
reload(sys)   
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8') 

NetDescList = []
netCfgInstanceIDList = []
mac_key = r'SYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlClass{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}'

#正则检验输入IP地址是否合法
def ipFormatChk(ip_str):
    pattern = r"^(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5]).(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5]).(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5]).(d{1,2}|1dd|2[0-4]d|25[0-5])$"
    if re.match(pattern, ip_str):
        return True
    else:
        return False

#从注册表读取相关适配器信息
def ReadNetworkInfo():
    hkey = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, mac_key)
    keyInfo = _winreg.QueryInfoKey(hkey)
    #遍历当前Key的子键
    for index in range(keyInfo[0]):
        hSubkeyName = _winreg.EnumKey(hkey, index)
        try:
            hSubKey = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, mac_key+'\'+hSubkeyName)
            hNdiInfKey = _winreg.OpenKey(hSubKey, r'NdiInterfaces')
            lowerRange = _winreg.QueryValueEx(hNdiInfKey, 'LowerRange')
            #找到以太网
            if lowerRange[0] == 'ethernet':
                value, type = _winreg.QueryValueEx(hSubKey, 'DriverDesc')
                NetDescList.append(value)
                netCfgInstanceIDList.append(_winreg.QueryValueEx(hSubKey, 'NetCfgInstanceID')[0])
            _winreg.CloseKey(hNdiInfKey)
            _winreg.CloseKey(hSubKey)
        except :
            pass
    _winreg.CloseKey(hkey)

#修改相关网络信息
def ChangeNetWorkInfo():
    if len(netCfgInstanceIDList) == 0:
        print 'Cannot Find Net Info'
        return
    ok = False
    while not ok:
        
        for index in range(len(NetDescList)):
            print '-----'+str(index)+'. '+NetDescList[index]+'-----'

        #选择需要修改的网卡
        ch = raw_input('Please Select: ')
        if not ch.isdigit() or int(ch) >= len(NetDescList) or int(ch) < 0:
            print 'Select Error!
'
            continue
        
        KeyName = r'SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesTcpipParametersInterfaces'+'\'+str(netCfgInstanceIDList[int(ch)])
        #这里需要管理员权限才可以
        key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, KeyName, 0, _winreg.KEY_ALL_ACCESS)
        
        ipAddressList = []
        subnetMaskList = []
        gateWayList = []
        dnsServerList = []

        while True:
            ipAddress = raw_input('IP Address: ')
            if ipFormatChk(ipAddress):
                ipAddressList.append(ipAddress)
                break;
            else:
                print 'Input Format Error'

        while True:
            subnetMask = raw_input('Subnet Mask: ')
            if ipFormatChk(subnetMask):
                subnetMaskList.append(subnetMask)
                break;
            else:
                print 'Input Format Error'

        while True:
            gateWay = raw_input('GateWay: ')
            if ipFormatChk(gateWay):
                gateWayList.append(gateWay)
                break;
            else:
                print 'Input Format Error'
        
        while True:
            dnsServer = raw_input('DNS Server: ')
            if ipFormatChk(dnsServer):
                dnsServerList.append(dnsServer)
                break;
            else:
                print 'Input Format Error'
        
        while True:
            dnsServerBak = raw_input('Standby DNS Server: ')
            if ipFormatChk(dnsServerBak) or dnsServerBak == '':
                if dnsServerBak != '':
                    dnsServerList.append(dnsServerBak)
                break;
            else:
                print 'Input Format Error'
        try:
            _winreg.SetValueEx(key, 'IPAddress', None, _winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ, ipAddressList)    
            _winreg.SetValueEx(key, 'SubnetMask', None, _winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ, subnetMaskList)
            _winreg.SetValueEx(key, 'DefaultGateway', None, _winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ, gateWayList)
            _winreg.SetValueEx(key, 'NameServer', None, _winreg.REG_SZ,  ','.join(dnsServerList))
        except:
            print 'Set Network Info Error'
            exit()
        _winreg.CloseKey(key)

        # 调用DhcpNotifyConfigChange函数通知IP被修改
        DhcpNotifyConfigChange = windll.dhcpcsvc.DhcpNotifyConfigChange
        inet_addr = windll.Ws2_32.inet_addr
        # DhcpNotifyConfigChange 函数参数列表：
          # LPWSTR lpwszServerName,  本地机器为None
          # LPWSTR lpwszAdapterName, 网络适配器名称
          # BOOL bNewIpAddress,      True表示修改IP
         # DWORD dwIpIndex,         表示修改第几个IP, 从0开始
          # DWORD dwIpAddress,       修改后的IP地址
          # DWORD dwSubNetMask,      修改后的子码掩码
          # int nDhcpAction          对DHCP的操作, 0 - 不修改, 1 - 启用, 2 - 禁用
          DhcpNotifyConfigChange(None, 
                        netCfgInstanceIDList[int(ch)], 
                        True, 
                        0, 
                        inet_addr(ipAddressList[0]), 
                        inet_addr(subnetMaskList[0]), 
                        0)
          ok = True

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        ReadNetworkInfo()
        ChangeNetWorkInfo()
        print 'Set Network Info OK'
    except:
        print 'Require Administrator Permission'

参考来源：

python利用_winreg模块制作MAC地址修改工具

用Python干实事（一）自动修改Windows的IP、网关和DNS设置。

判断IP与MAC地址的正则表达式！！