docker安装mysql 8

1. 运行容器，自动下载镜像

docker run --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

2. 创建主机挂载配置文件

mkdir -p ~/i/apps/mysql/{conf,data}

• conf存放配置文件
• data存放数据库文件

3. 初始化配置文件

docker cp mysql:/var/lib/mysql ~/i/apps/mysql/data

• 将数据库初始文件复制到/usr/mysql/data里面

docker cp mysql:/etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/i/apps/mysql/conf/my.cnf

4. 停止删除容器

docker rm -f mysql

5. 生成启动文件 - start.sh

[root@wanfei ~]# cd ~/i/apps/mysql/
$ cat <<EOF > start.sh
#!/bin/bash
HOST_NAME=mysql.wanfei.xyz
REDIS_DIR=`pwd`
docker stop mysql
docker rm mysql
docker run -d \
    --hostname ${HOST_NAME} \
    -p 3306:3306 \
    --name mysql \
    --privileged=true \
    -v ${REDIS_DIR}/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf \
    -v ${REDIS_DIR}/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql \
    -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
    mysql
EOF

参数说明

• --hostname ${HOST_NAME}: 设置访问的域名地址，${HOST_NAME}是上面定义的mysql.wanfei.xyz这个地址
• -p 3306:3306: 把容器内的3306端口映射到宿主机3306端口
• --privileged=true: 给容器加上特定权限 。否则会chown: changing ownership of ‘/var/lib/mysql/....‘: Permission denied
• -v ${REDIS_DIR}/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf：把宿主机配置好的my.cnf放到容器内的这个位置中
• -v ${REDIS_DIR}/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql：把mysql持久化的数据在宿主机内显示，做数据备份
• -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456: 指定数据库初始访问密码，第一次设置才有小，后面重启以修改的密码为准
• mysql：mysql镜像名，后面没有tag后，下载最新的tag，latest

6. 运行start.sh 启动mysql

[root@wanfei mysql]# sh start.sh 
mysql
mysql
f3d297633f4432495dc587d2860c212a371166897b6a380aceb0ebcdccc5dad8

7. 进入容器修改密码，开启远程连接

#进入容器
docker exec -it mysql /bin/sh
#进入mysql（有可能上面密码设置无效）
mysql -u root -p
#输入123456，如果失败，直接enter
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | root             | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#上面的root用户如果是localhost，只能localhost连接，不能远程连接，下面设置密码报错
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxx';
ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'%'
#修改localhost为%
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host,user,plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| host      | user             | plugin                |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
| %         | root             | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session    | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)