SQL 快速参考

SQL 快速参考

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 SQL 语句  语法  
 AND / OR  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE condition  
   AND|OR condition  
 ALTER TABLE  ALTER TABLE table_name   
   ADD column_name datatype  
     
   or  
     
   ALTER TABLE table_name   
   DROP COLUMN column_name  
 AS (alias)  SELECT column_name AS column_alias  
   FROM table_name  
     
   or  
     
   SELECT column_name  
   FROM table_name AS table_alias  
 BETWEEN  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE column_name  
   BETWEEN value1 AND value2  
 CREATE DATABASE  CREATE DATABASE database_name  
 CREATE TABLE  CREATE TABLE table_name  
   (  
   column_name1 data_type,  
   column_name2 data_type,  
   column_name2 data_type,  
   ...  
   )  
 CREATE INDEX  CREATE INDEX index_name  
   ON table_name (column_name)  
     
   or  
     
   CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name  
   ON table_name (column_name)  
 CREATE VIEW  CREATE VIEW view_name AS  
   SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE condition  
 DELETE  DELETE FROM table_name  
   WHERE some_column=some_value  
     
   or  
     
   DELETE FROM table_name   
   (Note: Deletes the entire table!!)  
     
   DELETE * FROM table_name   
   (Note: Deletes the entire table!!)  
 DROP DATABASE  DROP DATABASE database_name  
 DROP INDEX  DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server)  
   DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access)  
   DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle)  
   ALTER TABLE table_name  
   DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL)  
 DROP TABLE  DROP TABLE table_name  
 GROUP BY  SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE column_name operator value  
   GROUP BY column_name  
 HAVING  SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE column_name operator value  
   GROUP BY column_name  
   HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value  
 IN  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE column_name  
   IN (value1,value2,..)  
 INSERT INTO  INSERT INTO table_name  
   VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)  
     
   or  
     
   INSERT INTO table_name  
   (column1, column2, column3,...)  
   VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)  
 INNER JOIN  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name1  
   INNER JOIN table_name2   
   ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name  
 LEFT JOIN  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name1  
   LEFT JOIN table_name2   
   ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name  
 RIGHT JOIN  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name1  
   RIGHT JOIN table_name2   
   ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name  
 FULL JOIN  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name1  
   FULL JOIN table_name2   
   ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name  
 LIKE  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE column_name LIKE pattern  
 ORDER BY  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]  
 SELECT  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
 SELECT *  SELECT *  
   FROM table_name  
 SELECT DISTINCT  SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
 SELECT INTO  SELECT *  
   INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]  
   FROM old_table_name  
     
   or  
     
   SELECT column_name(s)  
   INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]  
   FROM old_table_name  
 SELECT TOP  SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
 TRUNCATE TABLE  TRUNCATE TABLE table_name  
 UNION  SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1  
   UNION  
   SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2  
 UNION ALL  SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1  
   UNION ALL  
   SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2  
 UPDATE  UPDATE table_name  
   SET column1=value, column2=value,...  
   WHERE some_column=some_value  
 WHERE  SELECT column_name(s)  
   FROM table_name  
   WHERE column_name operator value