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  • Hibernate学习之属性级别注解

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    属性级别注解

      添加方式

        1. 写在属性字段上面

        2. 写在属性getter方法上面

      @Id:必须,定义了映射到数据库表的主键属性,一个实体可以有一个或多个属性被映射为主键(如果有多个属性定义为主键属性,则必须实现Serializable接口)

      @EmbeddableId:可选,使用嵌入式主键类实现复合主键(嵌入式主键类必须实现Serializable接口、必须有默认的无参构造器、必须覆盖equals和hashCode方法)

      @GeneratedValue:可选,用于定义主键生成策略(@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.*, generator=""))

        strategy:定义主键生成策略

          - GenerationType.AUTO:根据底层数据库自动选择(默认)

          - GenerationType.IDENTITY:根据数据库的Identity字段生成

          - GenerationType.SEQUENCE:根据Sequence来决定主键的取值

          - GenerationType.TABLE:使用指定表来决定主键取值,结合@TableGenerator使用

        generator:引用@GenericGenerator指定的主键生成策略

      @Column:可选,将属性映射到列,使用该注解来覆盖默认值

        常用属性:

          - name:可选,表示数据库中该字段的名称,默认与属性名称一致

          - nullable:可选,表示该字段是否允许为null,默认true

          - unique:可选,表示该字段是否是唯一标识,默认false

          - length:可选,表示该字段的长度,仅对String类型的字段有效,默认255(如果是主键则不能使用默认值)

          - insertable:可选,表示在ORM框架执行插入操作时,该字段是否出现在insert语句中,默认true

          - updateable:可选,表示在ORM框架执行更新操作时,该字段是否出现在update语句中,默认true

                  (对于一经创建就不能修改的字段,该属性非常有效。eg:出生日期、插入时间等)

      @Embeddable:可选,表示该属性的类是嵌入类(嵌入类也必须标注@Embeddable注解)

      @Transient:可选,表示该属性并非一个数据库表的字段的映射,ORM框架将忽略该属性

    实例

    1.项目结构

    2.pom.xml

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      
      	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    	<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    	<artifactId>Hibernate-AttributeAnnotation</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    	<properties>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    		<hibernate.version>5.1.7.Final</hibernate.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<!-- Junit -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>junit</groupId>
    			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    			<version>4.12</version>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- Hibernate  -->
    		<dependency>
    		    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    		    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    		    <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- MySQL -->
    		<dependency>
    		    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    		    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    		    <version>5.1.42</version>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    </project>

    3.StudentPK.java

    package org.hibernate.model;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    import javax.persistence.Column;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    
    import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
    
    /**
     * 学生主键类
     *
     */
    public class StudentPK implements Serializable {
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    	@GeneratedValue
    	private long sid;// 学号
    	
    	@GeneratedValue(generator="custom")
    	@GenericGenerator(name="custom", strategy="assigned")
    	@Column(length = 18)
    	private String id; // 身份证号
    
    	public StudentPK() {
    
    	}
    
    	public StudentPK(long sid, String id) {
    		this.sid = sid;
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    
    	public long getSid() {
    		return sid;
    	}
    
    	public void setSid(long sid) {
    		this.sid = sid;
    	}
    
    	public String getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    
    	public void setId(String id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public int hashCode() {
    		return super.hashCode();
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    		return super.equals(obj);
    	}
    	
    }

    4.Address.java

    package org.hibernate.model;
    
    import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
    
    /**
     * 地址类
     *
     */
    @Embeddable
    public class Address {
    
    	private String postCode;// 邮编
    	
    	private String address;// 地址
    	
    	private String telephone;// 电话
    	
    	public Address() {
    
    	}
    
    	public Address(String postCode, String address, String telephone) {
    		this.postCode = postCode;
    		this.address = address;
    		this.telephone = telephone;
    	}
    
    	public String getPostCode() {
    		return postCode;
    	}
    	
    	public void setPostCode(String postCode) {
    		this.postCode = postCode;
    	}
    	
    	public String getAddress() {
    		return address;
    	}
    	
    	public void setAddress(String address) {
    		this.address = address;
    	}
    	
    	public String getTelephone() {
    		return telephone;
    	}
    	
    	public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
    		this.telephone = telephone;
    	}
    	
    }

    5.Student.java

    package org.hibernate.model;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import javax.persistence.Embedded;
    import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.Table;
    import javax.persistence.Transient;
    
    @Entity
    @Table(name="t_student")
    public class Student {
       
    	@EmbeddedId
    	public StudentPK id;// 主键
    	
    	public String name;// 姓名
    	
    	public String sex;// 性别
    	
    	public Date birthday;// 出生日期
    	
    	@Embedded
    	public Address address;// 地址
    	
    	@Transient
    	public String gf;// 女朋友
    
    	public Student(StudentPK id, String name, String sex, Date birthday, Address address, String gf) {
    		this.id = id;
    		this.name = name;
    		this.sex = sex;
    		this.birthday = birthday;
    		this.address = address;
    		this.gf = gf;
    	}
    
    	public StudentPK getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    
    	public void setId(StudentPK id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    
    	public String getName() {
    		return name;
    	}
    
    	public void setName(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    
    	public String getSex() {
    		return sex;
    	}
    
    	public void setSex(String sex) {
    		this.sex = sex;
    	}
    
    	public Date getBirthday() {
    		return birthday;
    	}
    
    	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
    		this.birthday = birthday;
    	}
    
    	public Address getAddress() {
    		return address;
    	}
    
    	public void setAddress(Address address) {
    		this.address = address;
    	}
    
    	public String getGf() {
    		return gf;
    	}
    
    	public void setGf(String gf) {
    		this.gf = gf;
    	}
    	
    }

    6.hibernate.cfg.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-configuration>
    
    	<!-- SessionFactory配置 -->
    	<session-factory>
    	
    		<!-- 数据库配置 -->
    		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
    		<property name="connection.password">***</property>
    		<property name="connection.url">
    			jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useSSL=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
    		</property>
    		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
    		
    		<!-- 使用常用配置 -->
    		<property name="show_sql">true</property>
             <property name="format_sql">true</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> <!-- 引入映射类 --> <mapping class="org.hibernate.model.Student"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

    7.TestAttributeAnnotation.java

    package org.hibernate.test;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.hibernate.Transaction;
    import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
    import org.hibernate.model.Address;
    import org.hibernate.model.Student;
    import org.hibernate.model.StudentPK;
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    public class TestAttributeAnnotation {
    	
    	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    	private Session session;
    	private Transaction transaction;
    	
    	@Before
    	public void before() {
    		
    		sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();// 创建SessionFactory对象
    		session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 获取Session对象
    		transaction = session.beginTransaction();// 开启事务
    		
    	}
    	
    	@After
    	public void after() {
    		
    		transaction.commit();// 提交事务
    		session.clear();// 关闭Session
    		sessionFactory.close();// 关闭SessionFactory
    		
    	}
    	
    	@Test
    	public void testAnnotation() {
    		
    		Address address = new Address("100000", "北京市", "15812345678");
    		StudentPK pk = new StudentPK(1L, "123456780123456789");
    		Student student = new Student(pk, "张三", "男", new Date(), address, "李四");
    		session.save(student);
    		
    	}
    	
    }

    8.效果预览

       8.1 console

      8.2 自动生成的表结构

      8.3 数据

    参考:http://www.imooc.com/learn/524

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiyese153/p/6951458.html
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