非极大抑制（Non-Maximum Suppression）

最近在看检测方面的东西，Faster RCNN，其中涉及到Non-Maximum Suppression，论文中没具体展开，我就研究下了代码，这里做一个简单的总结，听这个名字感觉是一个很高深的算法，其实很简单。
Non-Maximum Suppression就是根据score和box的坐标信息，从中找到置信度比较高的bounding box。首先，然后根据score进行排序，把score最大的bounding box拿出来。计算其余bounding box与这个box的IoU，然后去除IoU大于设定的阈值的bounding box。然后重复上面的过程，直至候选bounding box为空。说白了就是我要在一堆矩阵里面找出一些局部最大值，所以要把和这些局部最大值所代表矩阵IoU比较大的去除掉，这样就能得到一些权值很大，而且IoU又比较小的bounding box。

function pick = nms(boxes, overlap)
% top = nms(boxes, overlap)
% Non-maximum suppression. (FAST VERSION)
% Greedily select high-scoring detections and skip detections
% that are significantly covered by a previously selected
% detection.
%
% NOTE: This is adapted from Pedro Felzenszwalb's version (nms.m),
% but an inner loop has been eliminated to significantly speed it
% up in the case of a large number of boxes


% Copyright (C) 2011-12 by Tomasz Malisiewicz
% All rights reserved.
% 
% This file is part of the Exemplar-SVM library and is made
% available under the terms of the MIT license (see COPYING file).
% Project homepage: https://github.com/quantombone/exemplarsvm




if isempty(boxes)
  pick = [];
  return;
end


x1 = boxes(:,1);
y1 = boxes(:,2);
x2 = boxes(:,3);
y2 = boxes(:,4);
s = boxes(:,end);


area = (x2-x1+1) .* (y2-y1+1);    %计算出每一个bounding box的面积
[vals, I] = sort(s);				%根据score递增排序


pick = s*0;
counter = 1;
while ~isempty(I)
  last = length(I);
  i = I(last);  
  pick(counter) = i;			%选择score最大bounding box加入到候选队列
  counter = counter + 1;
  
  xx1 = max(x1(i), x1(I(1:last-1)));
  yy1 = max(y1(i), y1(I(1:last-1)));
  xx2 = min(x2(i), x2(I(1:last-1)));
  yy2 = min(y2(i), y2(I(1:last-1)));
  
  w = max(0.0, xx2-xx1+1);
  h = max(0.0, yy2-yy1+1);
  
  inter = w.*h;		%计算出每一bounding box与当前score最大的box的交集面积
  o = inter ./ (area(i) + area(I(1:last-1)) - inter);  %IoU（intersection-over-union）
  
  I = I(find(o<=overlap));  %找出IoU小于overlap阈值的index
end


pick = pick(1:(counter-1));