[LeetCode] Search a 2D Matrix

Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following properties:

• Integers in each row are sorted from left to right.
• The first integer of each row is greater than the last integer of the previous row.

For example,

Consider the following matrix:

[
  [1,   3,  5,  7],
  [10, 11, 16, 20],
  [23, 30, 34, 50]
]

Given target = 3, return true.

分析：首先选取右上角的数字。如果该数字等于要查找的数字，查找过程结束；如果该数字大于要查找的数字，剔除这个数字所在的列；如果该数字小于要查找的数字，剔除这个数字所在的行。也就是说如果要查找的数字不在数组的右上角，则每次都在数组的查找范围中剔除一行或者一列，这样每一步都可以缩小查找的范围，直到找到要查找的数字，或者查找范围为空。

参考资料：《剑指offer》面试题3

class Solution {
public:
    bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int>>& matrix, int target) {
        if (matrix.empty()) return false;
        
        int total_row = matrix.size();
        int total_col = matrix[0].size();
        
        int row = 0;
        int col = total_col - 1;
        
        while (row < total_row && col >= 0 ) {
            if (matrix[row][col] == target) {
                return true;
            } else if (matrix[row][col] > target) {
                col--;
            } else {
                row++;
            }
        }
        
        return false;
    }
};