iOS开发之设置界面的抽取

几乎每款app都会有一个设置的界面！！！

那么我们的设置界面到底要怎么写才能最方便使用呢？下面我就来说说我的想法。

1.观察原型图

2.找出相同的东西，目的是抽出一个基类模块，只要我写好了这个控制器，其它的界面全部都写好了

3.判断是用纯代码还是storyboard，如果界面的控件位置都是固定，用storyboard。

什么时候用静态单元格：如果界面cell跟系统自带的cell完全差不多，就可以选择静态单元格

如果不相似：

1.判断其它cell是否全部差不多，如果全部差不多，可以使用静态单元格

2.如果界面差别很大，就不使用静态单元格，就用代码

然后要注意一点的就是循环利用的问题了

如果一个控件，经常循环利用，就不能在给这个控件属性赋值的时候，添加它的子控件，应该在初始化这个控件的时候把所有的子控件加上去

注意在循环利用的时候，只要有if就一定要有else，else做的事情就是把之前的状态清空，就是还原最开始的状态。

那么下面我们就来抽取设置界面：

首先继承UITableViewController写一个BasicSettingViewController
.h
//这一组有多少行cell<SettingItem>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *groups;
.m
#import "BasicTableViewController.h"
#import "GroupItem.h"
#import "SettingItem.h"
#import "BasicCell.h"

@interface BasicTableViewController ()

@end

@implementation BasicTableViewController

//让这个类一初始化就是组样式的
- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithStyle:UITableViewStyleGrouped];
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
//设置tableView的一些基本信息
    self.tableView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:211 green:211 blue:211 alpha:1];
    self.tableView.sectionHeaderHeight = 10;
    self.tableView.sectionFooterHeight = 0;
    self.tableView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-25, 0, 0, 0);
    self.tableView.separatorStyle = UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone;
}
//一定要对组进行懒加载，不然的话，子类是没有办法初始化他的
- (NSMutableArray *)groups {
    if (!_groups) {
        _groups = [NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return _groups;
}

#pragma mark - Table view data source
//返回组数
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
#warning Incomplete implementation, return the number of sections
    return self.groups.count;
}
//返回行数
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
#warning Incomplete implementation, return the number of rows
    GroupItem *group = self.groups[section];
    return group.items.count;
}

//初始化cell并给cell赋值
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    BasicCell *cell = [BasicCell cellWithTableView:tableView];
    GroupItem *group = self.groups[indexPath.section];
    SettingItem *item = group.items[indexPath.row];
    cell.item = item;
    [cell setIndexPath:indexPath rowCount:group.items.count];
    return cell;
}
//返回脚部标题
- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForFooterInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    GroupItem *group = self.groups[section];
    return group.footTitle;
}
//返回头部标题
- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    GroupItem *group = self.groups[section];
    return group.headTitle;
}
//当cell选中的时候执行该方法
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:indexPath animated:YES];
    GroupItem *group = self.groups[indexPath.section];
    SettingItem *item = group.items[indexPath.row];
    if (item.destVc) {//如果有跳转就执行跳转
        UIViewController *destVc = [[item.destVc alloc] init];
        [self.navigationController pushViewController:destVc animated:YES];
    }
    if (item.option) {//哪个cell有事情就做事情(自己的事情自己干)
        item.option();
    }
}

设置组模型（基类）：

@interface GroupItem : NSObject
//每一组的行数
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *items;
//头标题
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *headTitle;
//脚标题
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *footTitle;

@end

typedef void (^SettingItemOption) ();

@interface SettingItem : NSObject
//左边神图
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImage *image;
//标题
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
//子标题
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *subTitle;
@property (nonatomic, assign) Class destVc;//跳转到目标控制器（最好不要用NSString）
@property (nonatomic, copy) SettingItemOption option;//在ARC模型下只能使用copy,MRC可以使用copy或者strong,为了把他放到堆内存中，如果放在栈内存中会被释放

//提供两个创建的item的方法
+ (instancetype)itemWithTitle:(NSString *)title;
+ (instancetype)itemWithTitle:(NSString *)title image:(UIImage *)image;

@end

因为内容是根据模型的改变而改变，那么我们就创建几个模型（继承于SettingItem）:

每个基类要是有自己特有的一些属性也可以设置

@interface ArrowItem : SettingItem

@end

@interface BadgeItem : SettingItem

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *badgeValue;

@end

@interface SwitchItem : SettingItem

@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isOn;//是否打开

@end

@interface LabelItem : SettingItem

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *text;//label上面的text

@end

@interface CheakItem : SettingItem

@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isCheak;//是否打勾

@end

设置的cell（基类）:

@class SettingItem;

@interface BasicCell : UITableViewCell
//根据settingItem模型来显示内容
@property (nonatomic, strong) SettingItem *item;
//给外部提供一个创建cell的方法
+ (instancetype)cellWithTableView:(UITableView *)tableView;
//设置每一组的背景图片的方法
- (void)setIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath rowCount:(NSInteger)rowCount;

@end

@interface BasicCell ()
//这里一定要用strong，因为是加在视图上面而不是加在contentView;
//箭头格式的cell
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *arrowView;
//开关格式的cell
@property (nonatomic, strong) UISwitch *switchView;
//打勾格式的cell
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView *cheakView;
//label格式的cell
@property (nonatomic, weak) UILabel *labelView;

@end

//不变形的拉伸图片（一般要是写项目最好写成category）
@implementation UIImage (Resizable)

+ (UIImage *)resizableWithImageName:(NSString *)imageName {
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:imageName];
    return [image stretchableImageWithLeftCapWidth:image.size.width/2 topCapHeight:image.size.height/2];
}

@end

@implementation BasicCell

#pragma mark - 对所有的控件懒加载

- (UIImageView *)arrowView
{
    if (_arrowView == nil) {
        _arrowView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"common_icon_arrow"]];
    }
    return _arrowView;
}

- (UISwitch *)switchView
{
    if (_switchView == nil) {
        _switchView = [[UISwitch alloc] init];
        [_switchView addTarget:self action:@selector(switchChange:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
        
    }
    return _switchView;
}

- (UIImageView *)cheakView
{
    if (_cheakView == nil) {
        _cheakView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"common_icon_checkmark"]];
    }
    return _cheakView;
}

- (UILabel *)labelView {
    if (!_labelView) {
        UILabel *labelView = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:self.bounds];
        labelView.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
        labelView.textColor = [UIColor redColor];
        [self.contentView addSubview:labelView];
        _labelView = labelView;
    }
    return _labelView;
}

#pragma mark - switchChange
- (void)switchChange:(UISwitch *)switchView {
    
}

- (instancetype)initWithStyle:(UITableViewCellStyle)style reuseIdentifier:(NSString *)reuseIdentifier {
    if (self = [super initWithStyle:style reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier]) {
//只需要设置一次的东西最好放到这个方法中执行，因为这个方法只会在创建cell的时候执行一次，而不会每次给模型赋值的时候都会执行
        self.detailTextLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:14];
        self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
        self.backgroundView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
        self.selectedBackgroundView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}


+ (instancetype)cellWithTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
    static NSString *ID = @"cell";
    BasicCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:ID];
    if (!cell) {
        //这里一定要用self
        cell = [[self alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleValue1 reuseIdentifier:ID];
    }
    return cell;
}

- (void)setItem:(SettingItem *)item {
    _item = item;
    //设置数据
    [self setUpData];
    //设置模型
    [self setUpRightView];
}

- (void)setUpData {
    self.textLabel.text = _item.title;
    self.detailTextLabel.text = _item.subTitle;
    self.imageView.image = _item.image;
}

- (void)setUpRightView {
    if ([_item isKindOfClass:[ArrowItem class]]) {
        //箭头
        self.accessoryView = self.arrowView;
    }
    else if ([_item isKindOfClass:[BadgeItem class]]) {
        //badgeView
        self.accessoryView = self.badgeView;
    }
    else if ([_item isKindOfClass:[SwitchItem class]]) {
        //开关
        self.accessoryView = self.switchView;
    }
    else if ([_item isKindOfClass:[LabelItem class]]) {
        //Label
        LabelItem *labelItem = (LabelItem *)_item;
        UILabel *label = self.labelView;
        label.text = labelItem.text;
    }
    else if ([_item isKindOfClass:[CheakItem class]]) {
        //打勾
        CheakItem *cheakItem = (CheakItem *)_item;
        if (cheakItem.isCheak) {
            self.accessoryView = self.cheakView;
        }
        else {
            self.accessoryView = nil;
        }
    }
    else {
        [_labelView removeFromSuperview];
        _labelView = nil;
        self.accessoryView = nil;
    }
}

- (void)setIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath rowCount:(NSInteger)rowCount {
    UIImageView *bgView = (UIImageView *)self.backgroundView;
    UIImageView *selBgView = (UIImageView *)self.selectedBackgroundView;
    if (rowCount == 1) { // 只有一行
        bgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_background"];
        selBgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_background_highlighted"];
        
    }else if(indexPath.row == 0){ // 顶部cell
        bgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_top_background"];
        selBgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_top_background_highlighted"];
        
    }else if (indexPath.row == rowCount - 1){ // 底部
        bgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_bottom_background"];
        selBgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_bottom_background_highlighted"];
        
    }else{ // 中间
        bgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_middle_background"];
        selBgView.image = [UIImage resizableWithImageName:@"common_card_middle_background_highlighted"];
    }
}

#pragma mark - 这里写才能居中对齐
- (void)layoutSubviews {
    [super layoutSubviews];
    _labelView.frame = self.bounds;
}

到此，所有的都已经抽出来了。你可能想问了那要么是子类和父类长的很像但是却不一样怎么办？那么就能用到OC中继承的这个性质了，子类只要重写一下父类的方法就可以了。

随便写几个控制器，继承于BasicSettingViewController

我的界面

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    [self setUpNav];
    [self setUpGroup0];
    [self setUpGroup1];
    [self setUpGroup2];
    [self setUpGroup3];
}

- (void)setUpNav {
    UIBarButtonItem *setting = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"设置" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(setting)];
    NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    dict[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = [UIColor blackColor];
    [setting setTitleTextAttributes:dict forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = setting;
}

#pragma mark - 设置

- (void)setting {
    SettingViewController *setVc = [[SettingViewController alloc] init];
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:setVc animated:YES];
}

- (void)setUpGroup0
{
    // 新的好友
    ArrowItem *friend = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"新的好友" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"new_friend"]];
    
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[friend];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup1
{
    // 我的相册
    ArrowItem *album = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"我的相册" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"album"]];
    album.subTitle = @"(12)";
    
    // 我的收藏
    ArrowItem *collect = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"我的收藏" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"collect"]];
    collect.subTitle = @"(0)";
    
    // 赞
    ArrowItem *like = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"赞" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"like"]];
    like.subTitle = @"(0)";
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[album,collect,like];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup2{
    // 微博支付
    ArrowItem *pay = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"微博支付" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"pay"]];
    // 个性化
    ArrowItem *vip = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"个性化" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"vip"]];
    vip.subTitle = @"微博来源、皮肤、封面图";
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[pay,vip];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup3
{
    // 我的二维码
    ArrowItem *card = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"我的二维码" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"card"]];
    // 草稿箱
    ArrowItem *draft = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"草稿箱" image:[UIImage imageNamed:@"draft"]];
    
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[card,draft];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    ProfileCell *cell = [ProfileCell cellWithTableView:tableView];
    GroupItem *group = self.groups[indexPath.section];
    SettingItem *item = group.items[indexPath.row];
    cell.item = item;
    [cell setIndexPath:indexPath rowCount:group.items.count];
    return cell;
}

因为cell和父类不太一样，所以cell要继承于BasicCell重写一下

- (instancetype)initWithStyle:(UITableViewCellStyle)style reuseIdentifier:(NSString *)reuseIdentifier {
    if (self = [super initWithStyle:style reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier]) {
        self.detailTextLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
    }
    return self;
}
//一定要在这个方法中重写，不然可能会没用，这个是在加载完成即将显示的时候调用，加载的frame是100%正确的
- (void)layoutSubviews {
    [super layoutSubviews];
    CGRect frame = self.detailTextLabel.frame;
    frame.origin.x = CGRectGetMaxX(self.textLabel.frame) + 5;
    self.detailTextLabel.frame = frame;
}

设置界面

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    
    // 添加第0组
    [self setUpGroup0];
    // 添加第1组
    [self setUpGroup1];
    // 添加第2组
    [self setUpGroup2];
    // 添加第3组
    [self setUpGroup3];
}

- (void)setUpGroup0
{
    // 账号管理
    ArrowItem *account = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"账号管理"];
//    account.badgeValue = @"8";
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[account];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup1
{
    // 提醒和通知
    ArrowItem *notice = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"我的相册" ];
    // 通用设置
    ArrowItem *setting = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"通用设置" ];
    setting.destVc = [CommonViewController class];
    // 隐私与安全
    ArrowItem *secure = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"隐私与安全" ];
    
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[notice,setting,secure];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup2{
    // 意见反馈
    ArrowItem *suggest = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"意见反馈" ];
    // 关于微博
    ArrowItem *about = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"关于微博"];
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[suggest,about];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup3
{
    // 账号管理
    LabelItem *layout = [[LabelItem alloc] init];
    layout.text = @"退出当前账号";
    
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[layout];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}

通用设置界面

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    // 添加第0组
    [self setUpGroup0];
    // 添加第1组
    [self setUpGroup1];
    // 添加第2组
    [self setUpGroup2];
    // 添加第3组
    [self setUpGroup3];
    
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(refresh:) name:@"FontSizeChangeNote" object:nil];
}

- (void)refresh:(NSNotification *)notification {
    _fontSize.subTitle = notification.userInfo[FontSizeKey];
    [self.tableView reloadData];
}

- (void)setUpGroup0
{
    // 阅读模式
    SettingItem *read = [SettingItem itemWithTitle:@"阅读模式"];
    read.subTitle = @"有图模式";
    
    // 字体大小
    SettingItem *fontSize = [SettingItem itemWithTitle:@"字体大小"];
    _fontSize = fontSize;
    NSString *fontSizeStr =  [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:FontSizeKey];
    if (fontSizeStr == nil) {
        fontSizeStr = @"中";
    }
    fontSize.subTitle = fontSizeStr;
    fontSize.destVc = [FontViewController class];
    
    // 显示备注
    SwitchItem *remark = [SwitchItem itemWithTitle:@"显示备注"];
    
    
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[read,fontSize,remark];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup1
{
    // 图片质量
    ArrowItem *quality = [ArrowItem itemWithTitle:@"图片质量" ];
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[quality];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup2{
    // 声音
    SwitchItem *sound = [SwitchItem itemWithTitle:@"声音" ];
    
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[sound];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}
- (void)setUpGroup3
{
    // 多语言环境
    SettingItem *language = [SettingItem itemWithTitle:@"多语言环境"];
    language.subTitle = @"跟随系统";
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.items = @[language];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
}

字体大小界面

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    [self setUpGroup0];
}

- (void)setUpGroup0
{
    
#pragma mark - 这种方法能消除block中的循环警告
    // 大
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
     CheakItem * __weak big = [CheakItem itemWithTitle:@"大"];
    big.option = ^{
        [weakSelf selItem:big];
    };
    
    // 中
    CheakItem * __weak middle = [CheakItem itemWithTitle:@"中"];
    
    middle.option = ^{
        [weakSelf selItem:middle];
    };
    _selCheakItem = middle;
    // 小
    CheakItem * __weak small = [CheakItem itemWithTitle:@"小"];
    small.option = ^{
        [weakSelf selItem:small];
    };
    GroupItem *group = [[GroupItem alloc] init];
    group.headTitle = @"上传图片质量";
    group.items = @[big,middle,small];
    [self.groups addObject:group];
    
    // 默认选中item
    [self setUpSelItem:middle];
    
}

- (void)setUpSelItem:(CheakItem *)item
{
    NSString *fontSizeStr =  [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:FontSizeKey];
    if (fontSizeStr == nil) {
        [self selItem:item];
        return;
    }
    
    for (GroupItem *group in self.groups) {
        for (CheakItem *item in group.items) {
            if ( [item.title isEqualToString:fontSizeStr]) {
                [self selItem:item];
            }
            
        }
        
    }
}

- (void)selItem:(CheakItem *)item
{
    _selCheakItem.isCheak = NO;
    item.isCheak = YES;
    _selCheakItem = item;
    [self.tableView reloadData];
    
    
    // 存储
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:item.title forKey:FontSizeKey];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
    
    // 发出通知
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"FontSizeChangeNote" object:nil userInfo:@{FontSizeKey:item.title}];
    
}

 具体也可以下载的我的上传的DEMO看一下，http://i.cnblogs.com/Files.aspx