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  • IOS页面自动布局 之 NSLayoutConstraint基础篇

    使用AutoLayout之前需要知道以下两点:

    1.必须设置 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints为NO。

    2.如果是viewControl则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateViewConstraints]中;

     如果是view则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateConstraints]中。

     一、要讲解的方法:

     1 /* Create constraints explicitly.  Constraints are of the form "view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant" 
     2  If your equation does not have a second view and attribute, use nil and NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute.
     3  */
     4 +(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1 
     5                         attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1 
     6                         relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation 
     7                            toItem:(id)view2
     8                         attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2 
     9                        multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier 
    10                          constant:(CGFloat)c;        

    参数说明:

    第一个参数 view1: 要设置的视图;

    第二个参数 attr1: view1要设置的属性,稍后详解;

    第三个参数 relation: 视图view1和view2的指定属性之间的关系,稍后详解;

    第四个参数 view2: 参照的视图;

    第五个参数 attr2: 参照视图view2的属性,稍后详解;

    第六个参数 multiplier: 视图view1的指定属性是参照视图view2制定属性的多少倍;

    第七个参数 c: 视图view1的指定属性需要加的浮点数。

    根据参数的讲解,得出计算公式如下:

    view1.attr1 [= , >= , <=] view2.attr2 * multiplier + c;

    参数详解:

    1、NSLayoutAttribute

     1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {
     2     NSLayoutAttributeLeft = 1, 
     3     NSLayoutAttributeRight,
     4     NSLayoutAttributeTop,
     5     NSLayoutAttributeBottom,
     6     NSLayoutAttributeLeading,
     7     NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,
     8     NSLayoutAttributeWidth,
     9     NSLayoutAttributeHeight,
    10     NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,
    11     NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,
    12     NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
    13     NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline = NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
    14     NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    15     
    16     
    17     NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    18     NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    19     NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    20     NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    21     NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    22     NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    23     NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    24     NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
    25     
    26     NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute = 0
    27 };

    分三部分解释 NSLayoutAttribute

    第一部分:常用的

    NSLayoutAttributeLeft: CGRectGetMinX(view.frame);

    NSLayoutAttributeRight: CGRectGetMaxX(view.frame);

    NSLayoutAttributeTop: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

    NSLayoutAttributeBottom: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

    NSLayoutAttributeWidth: CGRectGetWidth(view.frame);

    NSLayoutAttributeHeight: CGRectGetHeight(view.frame);

    NSLayoutAttributeCenterX: view.center.x;

    NSLayoutAttributeCenterY:view.center.y ;

    NSLayoutAttributeBaseline: 文本底标线,在大多数视图中等同于NSLayoutAttributeBottom; 在少数视图,如UILabel,是指字母的底部出现的位置;

    NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline: 相当于NSLayoutAttributeBaseline;

    NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline: 文本上标线;

    NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute: None;

    第二部分: 根据国家使用习惯不同表示的意思不同

    NSLayoutAttributeLeading: 在习惯由左向右看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;在习惯从右至左看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;

    NSLayoutAttributeTrailing: 在习惯由左向右看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;在习惯从右至左看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;

    第三部分:ios8新增属性,各种间距,具体用法下节介绍

    NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin,

    NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin,

    NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin,

    NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin,

    NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin,

    NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin,

    NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins,

    NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins,

     从网上找了一张图,标注以上属性

    2、NSLayoutRelation

    1 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {
    2     NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -1,
    3     NSLayoutRelationEqual = 0,
    4     NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = 1,
    5 };

     NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual: <=;

     NSLayoutRelationEqual: =;

     NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual: >=;

     

    二、要讲解的方法

    1、获取当前view中所有的 NSLayoutConstraint

    1 - (NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

    2、旧版方法,将指定的NSLayoutConstraint添加到页面或者从页面中移除

    1 1 - (void)addConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead, set NSLayoutConstraint's active property to YES.
    2 2 - (void)addConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:].
    3 3 - (void)removeConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead set NSLayoutConstraint's active property to NO.
    4 4 - (void)removeConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint deactivateConstraints:].

    3、ios8新加方法,激活或者停用指定约束

    1 /* The receiver may be activated or deactivated by manipulating this property.  Only active constraints affect the calculated layout.  Attempting to activate a constraint whose items have no common ancestor will cause an exception to be thrown.  Defaults to NO for newly created constraints. */
    2 @property (getter=isActive) BOOL active NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
    3 
    4 /* Convenience method that activates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=YES. This is often more efficient than activating each constraint individually. */
    5 + (void)activateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
    6 
    7 /* Convenience method that deactivates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=NO. This is often more efficient than deactivating each constraint individually. */
    8 + (void)deactivateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

    三、Coding Time

    a> 设置视图view1为 宽度=20的正方形

    两种写法,第一种 宽度=20,高度=20

    1     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];
    2     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];

    第二种 宽度=20, 高度=宽度

    1     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:20]];
    2     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:1.0 constant:0]];

    第二种方法的优势是,如果想修改view1的大小,只需要修改一处。

    b>设置视图view1.frame.origin.x = 视图view2.frame.origin.x

    NSLayoutConstraint *leftConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0 constant:0];
    
    //旧版方法
    //[self addConstraint:leftConstraint];
    
    //新版方法1
    [NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[leftConstraint]]; 
    //新版方法2
    leftConstraint.active = YES;
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xieyajie/p/4612697.html
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