[LC] 200. Number of Islands

Given a 2d grid map of '1's (land) and '0's (water), count the number of islands. An island is surrounded by water and is formed by connecting adjacent lands horizontally or vertically. You may assume all four edges of the grid are all surrounded by water.

Example 1:

Input:
11110
11010
11000
00000

Output: 1

Example 2:

Input:
11000
11000
00100
00011

Output: 3

Solution 1:
Time: O(M * N)

class Solution {
    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
        if (grid == null || grid.length == 0 || grid[0].length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        int row = grid.length;
        int col = grid[0].length; 
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
                if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
                    floodFill(grid, i, j);
                    res += 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    private void floodFill(char[][] grid, int i, int j) {
        // need to include grid[i][j] == 0 in base case
        if (i < 0 || i >= grid.length || j < 0 || j >= grid[0].length || grid[i][j] == '0') {
            return;
        }
        grid[i][j] = '0';
        floodFill(grid, i - 1, j);
        floodFill(grid, i + 1, j);
        floodFill(grid, i, j - 1);
        floodFill(grid, i, j + 1);  
    }
}

solution 2:

class Solution {
    private int row;
    private int col;
    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
        if (grid == null || grid.length == 0 || grid[0].length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        row = grid.length;
        col = grid[0].length; 
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
                if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
                    floodFillBFS(grid, i, j);
                    res += 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    private void floodFillBFS(char[][] grid, int i, int j) {
        grid[i][j] = '0';
        Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(i * col + j);
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int cur = queue.poll();
            int m = cur / col;
            int n = cur % col;
            if (m - 1 >= 0 && grid[m - 1][n] == '1') {
                queue.offer((m - 1) * col + n);
                grid[m - 1][n] = '0';
            }
            if (m + 1 < row && grid[m + 1][n] == '1') {
                queue.offer((m + 1) * col + n);            
                grid[m + 1][n] = '0';
            }
            if (n - 1 >= 0 && grid[m][n - 1] == '1') {
                queue.offer(m * col + n - 1);
                grid[m][n - 1] = '0';
            }
            if (n + 1 < col && grid[m][n + 1] == '1') {
                queue.offer(m * col + n + 1);
                grid[m][n + 1] = '0';
            }    
        }
    }
}

Solution 3:

class Solution {
    private int row;
    private int col;
    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
        if (grid == null || grid.length == 0 || grid[0].length == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        row = grid.length;
        col = grid[0].length; 
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
                if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
                    floodFillBFSOpt(grid, i, j);
                    res += 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    private void floodFillBFSOpt(char[][] grid, int i, int j) {
        grid[i][j] = '0';
        int[][] directions = new int[][]{{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};
        Queue<Cell> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(new Cell(i, j));
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            Cell cur = queue.poll();
            for (int[] direction: directions) {
                int x = cur.getX() + direction[0];
                int y = cur.getY() + direction[1];
                if (x >= 0 && x < row && y >= 0 && y < col && grid[x][y] == '1') {
                    queue.offer(new Cell(x, y));
                    grid[x][y] = '0';
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

class Cell {
    private int x;
    private int y;
    public Cell(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
    public int getX() {
        return x;
    }
    
    public int getY() {
        return y;
    }
}