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samba介绍
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应用场景
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samba安装部署
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samba配置文件详解
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samba文件共享
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samba共享访问
一、samba介绍
在日常办公环境中，操作系统除了windows以外，还有linux或者UNIX。windows和linux或UNIX之间共享文件是无法直接完成的，为了解析不同系统之间的文件和打印机等资源的共享，我们今天来介绍一下samba服务。他可以解决不同系统平台之间的共享问题。
Samba是在Linux和UNIX系统上实现SMB协议的一个免费软件，由服务器及客户端程序构成，也是一个C/S软件。
SMB（Server Messages Block，信息服务块）是一种在局域网上共享文件和打印机的一种通信协议，它为局域网内的不同计算机之间提供文件及打
印机等资源的共享服务。SMB协议是客户机/服务器型协议，客户机通过该协议可以访问服务器上的共享文件系统、打印机及其他
二、应用场景
局域网内的不同计算机之间提供文件及打印机等资源的共享服务
三、samba安装部署
约定：本实验中使用过的机器为centos7.5_x86_64系统，计算机名称:baism.ayitula.com,IP地址192.168.11.16/24.请关闭防火墙和SELINUX。
a、安装软件包
[root@baism ~]# yum -y install samba samba-client
samba: 服务端
samba-client：客户端 提供了smbclient命令
b、设置服务开机启动
[root@baism ~]# systemctl enable nmb smb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nmb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service.
c、开启服务
[root@baism ~]# systemctl start nmb smb
主配文件路径: /etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@baism ~]# cat smb.conf.example
# This is the main Samba configuration file. For detailed information about the
# options listed here, refer to the smb.conf(5) manual page. Samba has a huge
# number of configurable options, most of which are not shown in this example.
#
# The Samba Wiki contains a lot of step-by-step guides installing, configuring,
# and using Samba:
# https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation
#
# In this file, lines starting with a semicolon (;) or a hash (#) are
# comments and are ignored. This file uses hashes to denote commentary and
# semicolons for parts of the file you may wish to configure.
#
# NOTE: Run the "testparm" command after modifying this file to check for basic
# syntax errors.
#
#---------------
#
#SAMBA selinux相关设置，如果你开启了selinux，请注意下面的说明
#
#
#Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) Notes:
#
# Turn the samba_domain_controller Boolean on to allow a Samba PDC to use the
# useradd and groupadd family of binaries. Run the following command as the
# root user to turn this Boolean on:
# 如果你在域环境中使用samba那么请设置下面的bool值
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# Turn the samba_enable_home_dirs Boolean on if you want to share home
# directories via Samba. Run the following command as the root user to turn this
# Boolean on:
#
# 假如希望通过samba共享用户家目录请设置下面的bool值
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory, such as a new top-level directory, label it
# with samba_share_t so that SELinux allows Samba to read and write to it. Do
# not label system directories, such as /etc/ and /home/, with samba_share_t, as
# such directories should already have an SELinux label.
#
#加入你想将目录通过samba共享，请确认其目录标签为sambe_share_t
# Run the "ls -ldZ /path/to/directory" command to view the current SELinux
# label for a given directory.
#
# Set SELinux labels only on files and directories you have created. Use the
# chcon command to temporarily change a label:
# 标签设置方法
# chcon -t samba_share_t /path/to/directory
#
# Changes made via chcon are lost when the file system is relabeled or commands
# such as restorecon are run.
#
# Use the samba_export_all_ro or samba_export_all_rw Boolean to share system
# directories. To share such directories and only allow read-only permissions:
# 对共享目录的权限的bool设置，只读或读写
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# To share such directories and allow read and write permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# To run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...), copy them to the
# /var/lib/samba/scripts/ directory so that SELinux will allow smbd to run them.
# Note that if you move the scripts to /var/lib/samba/scripts/, they retain
# their existing SELinux labels, which may be labels that SELinux does not allow
# smbd to run. Copying the scripts will result in the correct SELinux labels.
# Run the "restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts" command as the root user to
# apply the correct SELinux labels to these files.
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
#全局设置，对整个服务都生效
[global]
#网络设置
# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = the Windows NT domain name or workgroup name, for example, MYGROUP.
#
# server string = the equivalent of the Windows NT Description field.
#
# netbios name = used to specify a server name that is not tied to the hostname,
# maximum is 15 characters.
#
# interfaces = used to configure Samba to listen on multiple network interfaces.
# If you have multiple interfaces, you can use the "interfaces =" option to
# configure which of those interfaces Samba listens on. Never omit the localhost
# interface (lo).
#
# hosts allow = the hosts allowed to connect. This option can also be used on a
# per-share basis.
#
# hosts deny = the hosts not allowed to connect. This option can also be used on
# a per-share basis.
#
#定义计算机的工作组,如果希望和windows共享，可以设置为workgroup，这样就可以在windows的网上邻居中找到linux计算机
workgroup = MYGROUP
#对samba服务器的描述信息
server string = Samba Server Version %v
#设置netbios计算机名称
; netbios name = MYSERVER
#samba使用本机的那块网卡
; interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
#允许那个网段访问samba服务器共享
; hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.
#
#日志选项
# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# log file = specify where log files are written to and how they are split.
#
# max log size = specify the maximum size log files are allowed to reach. Log
# files are rotated when they reach the size specified with "max log size".
#
#samba日志文件路径
# log files split per-machine:
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
#日志文件大小，0为不限制，注意不建议这样设置
# maximum size of 50KB per log file, then rotate:
max log size = 50
#独立服务选项
# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# security = the mode Samba runs in. This can be set to user, share
# (deprecated), or server (deprecated).
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
#samba安全级别
#share: 不需要账号密码，公开共享
#user: 需要提供sam账号密码才能访问共享，私密共享
#server：依靠其他Windows NT/2000或Samba Server来验证用户的账号和密码,是一种代理验证。此种安全模式下,系统管理员可以把所有的Windows用户和口令集中到一个NT系统上,>使用Windows NT进行Samba认证, 远程服务器可以自动认证全部用户和口令,如果认证失败,Samba将使用用户级安全模式作为替代的方式。
#domain：域安全级别,使用主域控制器(PDC)来完成认证。
#
#一般情况下我们使用share和user的比较多，除非公司有完整的域环境
security = user
#该方式则是使用一个数据库文件来建立用户数据库。数据库文件叫passdb.tdb，默认在/etc/samba目录下。passdb.tdb 用户数据库可以使用smbpasswd –a来建立Samba用户，不过要建立的Samba用户必须先是系统用户。我们也可以使用pdbedit命令来建立Samba账户并由其pdbedit管理。
passdb backend = tdbsam
#域成员选项
# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to domain or ads.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# realm = only use the realm option when the "security = ads" option is set.
# The realm option specifies the Active Directory realm the host is a part of.
#
# password server = only use this option when the "security = server"
# option is set, or if you cannot use DNS to locate a Domain Controller. The
# argument list can include My_PDC_Name, [My_BDC_Name], and [My_Next_BDC_Name]:
#
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
#
# Use "password server = *" to automatically locate Domain Controllers.
#设置域共享
; security = domain
; passdb backend = tdbsam
#定义域名称
; realm = MY_REALM
#域验证服务器
; password server = <NT-Server-Name>
#域控选项
# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to user for domain controllers.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# domain master = specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser, allowing
# Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Do not use the "domain master"
# option if you already have a Windows NT domain controller performing this task.
#
# domain logons = allows Samba to provide a network logon service for Windows
# workstations.
#
# logon script = specifies a script to run at login time on the client. These
# scripts must be provided in a share named NETLOGON.
#
# logon path = specifies (with a UNC path) where user profiles are stored.
#
#
; security = user
; passdb backend = tdbsam
; domain master = yes
; domain logons = yes
# the following login script name is determined by the machine name
# (%m):
; logon script = %m.bat
# the following login script name is determined by the UNIX user used:
; logon script = %u.bat
; logon path = \%LProfiles\%u
# use an empty path to disable profile support:
; logon path =
# various scripts can be used on a domain controller or a stand-alone
# machine to add or delete corresponding UNIX accounts:
; add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
; add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
; delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
; delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
; delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"
#这些设置选项主要用于SMB网络中进行浏览时，设置samba服务器的行为。缺省情况不让 samba服务器参加broswser的推举过程，为了使得samba服务器能成为browser，就需要设定local master =yes。然后samba服务就可以根据os level设置的权重进行推举，缺省的os level为0，这个权重不会赢得推举。但可以取消注释，将os level设置为33，这将在与所有Windows计算机（包括Windows NT）的推举竞赛中获得胜利，因为NT server的权重为32。设置比33更高的权重，只是在不同的samba 服务器之间进行选择时才有意义。
#