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  • Lvs+Keepalived+Bind+web构建高可用负载均衡系统

    原创作品,允许转载,转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章 原始出处 、作者信息和本声明。否则将追究法律责任。http://hatech.blog.51cto.com/8360868/1417899

    -------------------------------

    一、前言

    二、环境

    三、配置

    1.LB-Master及LB-Backup配置

    (1)LB-Master及LB-Backup安装keepalived和ipvsadm

    (2)LB-Master的keepalived主配置文档

    (3)LB-Backup的keepalived主配置文档

    2.DNS-Master及DNS-Backup配置

    (1)DNS-Master及DNS-Backup网卡设置

    (2)DNS-Master及DNS-Backup安装bind及ARP设置

    (3)DNS-Master配置

    (4)DNS-Backup配置

    3.web1及web2配置

    四、测试

    五、故障模拟

    1. 模拟LB-Master失效

    2. 模拟DNS-Master失效

    3. 模拟web1失效

    -------------------------------

    一、前言

        这个实验是实现企业高可用负载均衡的web案例,无论Master或Backup宕掉任意一台,业务照常可用。分析拓扑,其中LB-Master负责web的调度,LB-Master负责DNS的调度,实现负载均衡,如果其中一台出现故障,那么web和DNS服务会立即转移到另一台服务器上,DNS分为主辅同步,实现高可用,web在生产环境下页面应该是一致的,为了试验效果,web页面设置不一样,在实际环境下,web后端应架设共享存储,实现web页面的一致性。

    二、环境

    系统:CentOS6.4 32位 6台

    拓扑图:

    wKiom1OEid-Bxq3DAAFudNGR0WU871.jpg

    IP划分:

    wKiom1OElk2B8142AAFVRvSvSMI835.jpg

    三、配置

    1.LB-Master及LB-Backup配置

    (1)LB-Master及LB-Backup安装keepalived和ipvsadm

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    # yum groupinstall "Additional Development"         //安装开发工具
    # yum groupinstall "Development tools"
    # tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
    # cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.1
    # ./cnfigure
    Keepalived configuration
    ------------------------
    Keepalived version       : 1.2.1
    Compiler                 : gcc
    Compiler flags           : -g -O2
    Extra Lib                : -lpopt -lssl -lcrypto 
    Use IPVS Framework       : No    //配置出现错误
    IPVS sync daemon support : No
    Use VRRP Framework       : Yes
    Use Debug flags          : No
    解决方法:
    # yum install kernel-devel ipvsadm
    # ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-358.el6.i686/ /usr/src/linux
    # ./cnfigure                    //再次配置环境
    # make                          //编译
    # make install                  //安装
      
    # cd /usr/local/etc             //keepalived默认安装路径
    # ll
    drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 24 00:37 keepalived
    drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 24 00:29 rc.d
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 24 00:29 sysconfig
       
    配置以系统方式service启动
    # cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/ 
    # cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived  /etc/sysconfig/
    # mkdir /etc/keepalived
    # cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
    # cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

    (2)LB-Master的keepalived主配置文档

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    # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    #guration File for keepalived
    #global define
    global_defs {
            router_id Haweb_1
            }
    vrrp_sync_group VGM {
            group {
            VI_WEB
            }
    }
    vrrp_sync_group VGN {
            group {
            HA_DNS
            }
    }
     
    # vvrp_instance define #
    vrrp_instance VI_WEB {
            state MASTER
            interface eth0
            lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
            virtual_router_id 55
            priority 100
            advert_int 5
            authentication {
                auth_type PASS
                auth_pass 123456
            }
        virtual_ipaddress {
                192.168.2.200/24 dev eth0
            }
    }
    ##########  LVS  ###########
    virtual_server 192.168.2.200 80 {
        delay_loop 6
        lb_algo rr
        lb_kind DR
    #   persistence_timeout 20
        protocol TCP
         
        real_server 192.168.2.50 80 {
            weight 100
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
        real_server 192.168.2.60 80 {
            weight 100
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
    }
    ###   HA DNS START   ###
    vrrp_instance HA_DNS {
            state BACKUP
            interface eth0
            lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
            virtual_router_id 56
            priority 90
            advert_int 5
            authentication {
                    auth_type PASS
                    auth_pass 123456
            }
            virtual_ipaddress {
                    192.168.2.100/24 dev eth0
            }
    }
    ##########  LVS DNS  ###########
    virtual_server 192.168.2.100 53 {
            delay_loop 6
            lb_algo rr
            lb_kind DR
    #   persistence_timeout 6
            protocol UDP 
     
            real_server 192.168.2.30 53 {
                    weight 100
                    TCP_CHECK {
                            connect_timeout 3
                            nb_get_retry 3
                            delay_before_retry 3
                            connect_port 53
                    }
            }
            real_server 192.168.2.40 53 {
                    weight 100
                    TCP_CHECK {
                            connect_timeout 3
                            nb_get_retry 3
                            delay_before_retry 3
                            connect_port 53
                    }
            }
    }
     
    ##################################

    (3)LB-Backup的keepalived主配置文档

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    # cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    #guration File for keepalived
    #global define
    global_defs {
            router_id Haweb_1
            }
    vrrp_sync_group VGM {
            group {
            VI_WEB
            }
    }
    vrrp_sync_group VGN {
            group {
            HA_DNS
            }
    }
     
    # vvrp_instance define #
    vrrp_instance VI_WEB {
            state BACKUP
            interface eth0
            lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
            virtual_router_id 55
            priority 90
            advert_int 5
            authentication {
                auth_type PASS
                auth_pass 123456
            }
        virtual_ipaddress {
                192.168.2.200/24 dev eth0
            }
    }
    ##########  LVS  ###########
    virtual_server 192.168.2.200 80 {
        delay_loop 6
        lb_algo rr
        lb_kind DR
    #   persistence_timeout 20
        protocol TCP
         
        real_server 192.168.2.50 80 {
            weight 100
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
        real_server 192.168.2.60 80 {
            weight 100
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 3
                nb_get_retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
    }
    ###   HA DNS START   ###
    vrrp_instance HA_DNS {
            state MASTER
            interface eth0
            lvs_sync_daemon_inteface eth0
            virtual_router_id 56
            priority 100
            advert_int 5
            authentication {
                    auth_type PASS
                    auth_pass 123456
            }
            virtual_ipaddress {
                    192.168.2.100/24 dev eth0
            }
    }
    ##########  LVS DNS  ###########
    virtual_server 192.168.2.100 53 {
            delay_loop 6
            lb_algo rr
            lb_kind DR
    #   persistence_timeout 6
            protocol UDP 
     
            real_server 192.168.2.30 53 {
                    weight 100
                    TCP_CHECK {
                            connect_timeout 3
                            nb_get_retry 3
                            delay_before_retry 3
                            connect_port 53
                    }
            }
            real_server 192.168.2.40 53 {
                    weight 100
                    TCP_CHECK {
                            connect_timeout 3
                            nb_get_retry 3
                            delay_before_retry 3
                            connect_port 53
                    }
            }
    }
     
    ##################################

    2.DNS-Master及DNS-Backup配置

    (1)DNS-Master及DNS-Backup网卡设置

    DNS-Master及DNS-Backup在各自网卡基础上再添加lo:0端口。

    wKioL1OF0EygSvQsAADMhdUf-kc872.jpg

    (2)DNS-Master及DNS-Backup安装bind及ARP设置

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    # yum install bind bind-chroot
    # vim /etc/sysctl.conf                  //添加以下两行
    net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2      //关闭所有接口的ARP响应和发布
    net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
    # sysctl -p

    (3)DNS-Master配置

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    # service named start                      
    Generating /etc/rndc.key:                   [  OK  ]
    Starting named:                             [  OK  ]
     
    # cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
    # vim  named.conf      //编辑主配置文档

    wKiom1ODCfOT3RDjAAMXfgZ9jiY362.jpg

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    # vim  named.rfc1912.zones      //编辑区域声明文件[object Object]

    wKiom1OFT3eQlsidAAHPye_lyp4105.jpg

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    # scp named.conf named.rfc1912.zones 192.168.2.40:/var/named/chroot/etc/
    # cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
    # cp -p named.localhost abc.com.zone
    # cp -p named.localhost abc.com.local
    # vim abc.com.zone

    wKiom1OFT3eQ2NDTAAD5uK9Bwpw809.jpg

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    # vim abc.com.local

    wKioL1OFT0uiUSz6AADKgaEipsE248.jpg

    (4)DNS-Backup配置

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    # cd /var/named/chroot/etc/
    # chgrp named named.conf named.rfc1912.zones
    # vim named.rfc1912.zones

    wKioL1OFT0uCLP18AAEoaOlsQc0534.jpg

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    # service named start
    # cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves
    # ll                                     //区域文件已经同步
    -rw-r--r--. 1 named named 325 May 27 19:31 abc.com.local
    -rw-r--r--. 1 named named 340 May 27 19:39 abc.com.zone
    # vim abc.com.zone

    wKioL1OFT0uzpY2VAAFCDolpI_s395.jpg

    1
    # vim abc.com.local

    wKiom1OFT3fADo8NAAFHaBwsnyM840.jpg

    3.web1及web2配置

    在原有网卡基础上再添加一块lo:0网卡

    wKioL1OF0GmyhfesAADMjF9kAk4117.jpg

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    # yum install httpd
    # echo "This is web1.">/var/www/html/index.html     //web1配置
    # echo "This is web2.">/var/www/html/index.html     //web2配置
    # vim /etc/sysctl.conf                  //添加以下两行
    net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
    net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
    # sysctl -p
    # service httpd start

    四、测试:

    测试客户端IP配置:

    wKioL1OEj5Tz53-SAADCwjRXRKU724.jpg

    客户端浏览器访问http://www.abc.com,并不断刷新,可以看出web1和web2交替不断出现,在实际生产环境下web内容是一样的 。

    wKiom1OEj8ChPBsyAADDAqNDTJc688.jpg

    wKioL1OEj5SDNYSCAADBDCykjKg819.jpg

    LB-Master(负责web轮询):

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    # ipvsadm
    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    TCP  192.168.2.200:http rr
      -> 192.168.2.50:http            Route   100    0          4         
      -> 192.168.2.60:http            Route   100    0          4         
    UDP  192.168.2.100:domain rr
      -> 192.168.2.30:domain          Route   100    0          0         
      -> 192.168.2.40:domain          Route   100    0          0 
     
    # ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:1c:d4:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.2.10/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
        inet 192.168.2.200/24 scope global secondary eth0
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:d48d/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    LB-Backup(负责DNS轮询):

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    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    TCP  192.168.2.200:http rr
      -> 192.168.2.50:http            Route   100    0          0         
      -> 192.168.2.60:http            Route   100    0          0         
    UDP  192.168.2.100:domain rr
      -> 192.168.2.30:domain          Route   100    0          6         
      -> 192.168.2.40:domain          Route   100    0          6  
     
     
    # ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:22:3d:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.2.20/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
        inet 192.168.2.100/24 scope global secondary eth0
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:3d01/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    五、故障模拟

    1. 模拟LB-Master失效

    (1)停掉LB-Master的keepalived服务

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    # service keepalived stop
    Stopping keepalived:                                [  OK  ]
    # ipvsadm
    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    # ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:1c:d4:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.2.10/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:d48d/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

    (2)查看LB-Backup状态(不断在测试客户端刷新网页)

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    # ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:22:3d:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.2.20/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0
        inet 192.168.2.100/24 scope global secondary eth0
        inet 192.168.2.200/24 scope global secondary eth0
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe22:3d01/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    # ipvsadm
    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    TCP  192.168.2.200:http rr
      -> 192.168.2.50:http            Route   100    0          9         
      -> 192.168.2.60:http            Route   100    0          10        
    UDP  192.168.2.100:domain rr
      -> 192.168.2.30:domain          Route   100    0          6         
      -> 192.168.2.40:domain          Route   100    0          6

    2.模拟DNS-Master失效

    (1)停掉DNS-Master的named服务,并恢复LB-Master的服务

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    # service named stop
    Stopping named: .                                       [  OK  ]

    (2)查看LB-Master状态(不断在测试客户端刷新网页)

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    # ipvsadm
    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    TCP  192.168.2.200:http rr
      -> 192.168.2.50:http            Route   100    0          13        
      -> 192.168.2.60:http            Route   100    0          14        
    UDP  192.168.2.100:domain rr
      -> 192.168.2.40:domain          Route   100    0          0

    (3)查看LB-Backup状态

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    # ipvsadm
    IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
    Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
      -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
    TCP  192.168.2.200:http rr
      -> 192.168.2.50:http            Route   100    0          0         
      -> 192.168.2.60:http            Route   100    0          0         
    UDP  192.168.2.100:domain rr
      -> 192.168.2.40:domain          Route   100    0          6

    3.模拟web1失效

    停掉web1的httpd服务即可测试,这步比较简单,不再赘述。

    本文出自 “一诺千金” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://hatech.blog.51cto.com/8360868/1417899

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fatt/p/4428273.html
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