前言
ZXing,一个支持在图像中解码和生成条形码(如二维码、PDF 417、EAN、UPC、Aztec、Data Matrix、Codabar)的库。ZXing(“zebra crossing”)是一个开源的、多格式的、用Java实现的一维/二维条码图像处理库,具有到其他语言的端口。
GitHub地址,猛戳:https://github.com/zxing/zxing
API文档,猛戳:https://zxing.github.io/zxing/apidocs/index.html
介绍文档,猛戳:https://zxing.github.io/zxing/
代码编写
部分代码参考:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39494923/article/details/79058799
maven
我们是java端,所以需要引这两个
<!-- ZXing --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>core</artifactId> <version>3.3.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>javase</artifactId> <version>3.3.3</version> </dependency>
Test.java
public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { try { QREncode(); QRReader(new File("D:\zxing1.gif")); } catch (WriterException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 生成二维码 */ public static void QREncode() throws WriterException, IOException { String content = "个人博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/huanzi-qch/";//二维码内容 int width = 200; // 图像宽度 int height = 200; // 图像高度 String format = "gif";// 图像类型 Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>(); //内容编码格式 hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8"); // 指定纠错等级 hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); //设置二维码边的空度,非负数 hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1); BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints); MatrixToImageWriter.writeToPath(bitMatrix, format, new File("D:\zxing.gif").toPath());// 输出原图片 MatrixToImageConfig matrixToImageConfig = new MatrixToImageConfig(0xFF000001, 0xFFFFFFFF); /* 问题:生成二维码正常,生成带logo的二维码logo变成黑白 原因:MatrixToImageConfig默认黑白,需要设置BLACK、WHITE 解决:https://ququjioulai.iteye.com/blog/2254382 */ BufferedImage bufferedImage = LogoMatrix(MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix,matrixToImageConfig), new File("D:\logo.png")); // BufferedImage bufferedImage = LogoMatrix(toBufferedImage(bitMatrix), new File("D:\logo.png")); ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "gif", new File("D:\zxing1.gif"));//输出带logo图片 System.out.println("输出成功."); } /** * 识别二维码 */ public static void QRReader(File file) throws IOException, NotFoundException { MultiFormatReader formatReader = new MultiFormatReader(); //读取指定的二维码文件 BufferedImage bufferedImage =ImageIO.read(file); BinaryBitmap binaryBitmap= new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(bufferedImage))); //定义二维码参数 Map hints= new HashMap<>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8"); com.google.zxing.Result result = formatReader.decode(binaryBitmap, hints); //输出相关的二维码信息 System.out.println("解析结果:"+result.toString()); System.out.println("二维码格式类型:"+result.getBarcodeFormat()); System.out.println("二维码文本内容:"+result.getText()); bufferedImage.flush(); } /** * 二维码添加logo * @param matrixImage 源二维码图片 * @param logoFile logo图片 * @return 返回带有logo的二维码图片 * 参考:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39494923/article/details/79058799 */ public static BufferedImage LogoMatrix(BufferedImage matrixImage, File logoFile) throws IOException{ /** * 读取二维码图片,并构建绘图对象 */ Graphics2D g2 = matrixImage.createGraphics(); int matrixWidth = matrixImage.getWidth(); int matrixHeigh = matrixImage.getHeight(); /** * 读取Logo图片 */ BufferedImage logo = ImageIO.read(logoFile); //开始绘制图片 g2.drawImage(logo,matrixWidth/5*2,matrixHeigh/5*2, matrixWidth/5, matrixHeigh/5, null);//绘制 BasicStroke stroke = new BasicStroke(5,BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND,BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND); g2.setStroke(stroke);// 设置笔画对象 //指定弧度的圆角矩形 RoundRectangle2D.Float round = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(matrixWidth/5*2, matrixHeigh/5*2, matrixWidth/5, matrixHeigh/5,20,20); g2.setColor(Color.white); g2.draw(round);// 绘制圆弧矩形 //设置logo 有一道灰色边框 BasicStroke stroke2 = new BasicStroke(1,BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND,BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND); g2.setStroke(stroke2);// 设置笔画对象 RoundRectangle2D.Float round2 = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(matrixWidth/5*2+2, matrixHeigh/5*2+2, matrixWidth/5-4, matrixHeigh/5-4,20,20); g2.setColor(new Color(128,128,128)); g2.draw(round2);// 绘制圆弧矩形 g2.dispose(); matrixImage.flush() ; return matrixImage ; } }
效果演示
D盘文件
查看图片
后台识别、微信扫描结果
后记
后端生成我们可以用ZXing框架,那么前端js又应该如何生成、识别二维码呢?QRCode.js,QRCode.js 是一个用于生成二维码的 JavaScript 库。主要是通过获取 DOM 的标签,再通过 HTML5 Canvas 绘制而成,不依赖任何库。菜鸟教程,猛戳:http://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/javascript-qrcodejs-library.html
但是qrcode默认不支持自定义logo,怎么办呢?两种方法:
1、创建一个img标签,调整样式,让logo在二维码区域上居中显示
2、创建一个canvas画布,将二维码跟logo重新绘制,让logo在二维码区域上居中显示
补充
2020-02-25补充:实现二维码输出到浏览器功能
1、生成二维码时,不是直接保存成图片,而是返回BufferedImage
/** * 生成二维码 */ public static BufferedImage QREncode(String content){ int width = 250; // 图像宽度 int height = 250; // 图像高度 Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>(); //内容编码格式 hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8"); // 指定纠错等级 hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H); //设置二维码边的空度,非负数 hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1); BitMatrix bitMatrix = null; BufferedImage bufferedImage = null; try { bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints); MatrixToImageConfig matrixToImageConfig = new MatrixToImageConfig(0xFF000001, 0xFFFFFFFF); bufferedImage = MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix,matrixToImageConfig); } catch (WriterException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //无logo //return bufferedImage; //带logo,System.getProperty("user.dir")是项目工程根路径 assert bufferedImage != null; return LogoMatrix(bufferedImage,new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\src\main\resources\static\img\logo.png")); }
2、新增controller,供web调用
//获取二维码图片 @GetMapping("getBarCodeImage/{id}") public void getBarCodeImage(@PathVariable("id") String id) throws IOException { HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getRequest(); HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getResponse(); //设置页面不缓存 assert response != null; response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); response.getOutputStream(); //设置输出的内容的类型为JPEG图像 response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); //通过id查询数据设置二维码内容 String text = "{"id":""+ id +""}" BufferedImage bufferedImage = QREncode(text); //写给浏览器 ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream()); }
3、web页面调用,thymeleaf语法
<img id="barCodeImage" th:src="@{'/getBarCodeImage/' + ${id}}"/> <br/><br/> <button th:onclick="${'document.getElementById(''barCodeImage'').src = ctx + ''/getBarCodeImage/'+ id +'?time='' + new Date().getTime()'}">
刷新二维码
</button>