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  • java stream 流操作 一些示例2

    那么什么是Stream

    Stream将要处理的元素集合看作一种流,在流的过程中,借助Stream API对流中的元素进行操作,比如:筛选、排序、聚合等。

    Stream可以由数组或集合创建,对流的操作分为两种:

    1. 中间操作,每次返回一个新的流,可以有多个。

    2. 终端操作,每个流只能进行一次终端操作,终端操作结束后流无法再次使用。终端操作会产生一个新的集合或值。

    另外,Stream有几个特性:

    1. stream不存储数据,而是按照特定的规则对数据进行计算,一般会输出结果。

    2. stream不会改变数据源,通常情况下会产生一个新的集合或一个值。

    3. stream具有延迟执行特性,只有调用终端操作时,中间操作才会执行。

    Stream可以通过集合数组创建。

    1、通过 java.util.Collection.stream() 方法用集合创建流

    List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
    // 创建一个顺序流
    Stream<String> stream = list.stream();
    // 创建一个并行流
    Stream<String> parallelStream = list.parallelStream();

    2、使用java.util.Arrays.stream(T[] array)方法用数组创建流

    int[] array={1,3,5,6,8};
    IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(array);

      

    3、使用Stream的静态方法:of()、iterate()、generate()

    Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
    
    Stream<Integer> stream2 = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 3).limit(4);
    stream2.forEach(System.out::println);
    
    Stream<Double> stream3 = Stream.generate(Math::random).limit(3);
    stream3.forEach(System.out::println);

    遍历/匹配(foreach/find/match)

    List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 3, 8, 2, 1);
    // 遍历输出符合条件的元素
    list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).forEach(System.out::println);
    // 匹配第一个
    Optional<Integer> findFirst = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).findFirst();
    // 匹配任意(适用于并行流)
    Optional<Integer> findAny = list.parallelStream().filter(x -> x > 6).findAny();
    // 是否包含符合特定条件的元素
    boolean anyMatch = list.stream().anyMatch(x -> x < 6);
    System.out.println("匹配第一个值:" + findFirst.get());//匹配第一个值:7
    System.out.println("匹配任意一个值:" + findAny.get());//匹配任意一个值:8
    System.out.println("是否存在大于6的值:" + anyMatch);//是否存在大于6的值:true

    筛选(filter)

    案例一:筛选出Integer集合中大于7的元素,并打印出来

    List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(6, 7, 3, 8, 1, 2, 9);
    Stream<Integer> stream = list.stream();
    stream.filter(x -> x > 7).forEach(System.out::println);

    案例二:筛选员工中工资高于8000的人,并形成新的集合。形成新集合依赖collect(收集),后文有详细介绍。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
    
    List<String> fiterList = personList.stream().filter(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000).map(Person::getName)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    System.out.print("高于8000的员工姓名:" + fiterList);//高于8000的员工姓名:[Tom, Anni, Owen]

    聚合(max/min/count)

    案例一:获取String集合中最长的元素。

    List<String> list = Arrays.asList("adnm", "admmt", "pot", "xbangd", "weoujgsd");
    
    Optional<String> max = list.stream().max(Comparator.comparing(String::length));
    System.out.println("最长的字符串:" + max.get());//最长的字符串:weoujgsd

    案例二:获取Integer集合中的最大值。

    List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 9, 4, 11, 6);
    
    // 自然排序
    Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().max(Integer::compareTo);
    // 自定义排序
    Optional<Integer> max2 = list.stream().max(new Comparator<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
            return o1.compareTo(o2);
        }
    });
    System.out.println("自然排序的最大值:" + max.get());//自然排序的最大值:11
    System.out.println("自定义排序的最大值:" + max2.get());//自定义排序的最大值:11

    案例三:获取员工工资最高的人。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
    
    Optional<Person> max = personList.stream().max(Comparator.comparingInt(Person::getSalary));
    System.out.println("员工工资最大值:" + max.get().getSalary());//员工工资最大值:9500

    案例四:计算Integer集合中大于6的元素的个数。

    List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 11, 9);
    
    long count = list.stream().filter(x -> x > 6).count();
    System.out.println("list中大于6的元素个数:" + count);//4

    映射(map/flatMap)

    映射,可以将一个流的元素按照一定的映射规则映射到另一个流中。分为mapflatMap

    • map:接收一个函数作为参数,该函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素。
    • flatMap:接收一个函数作为参数,将流中的每个值都换成另一个流,然后把所有流连接成一个流。

    案例一:英文字符串数组的元素全部改为大写。整数数组每个元素+3。

            String[] strArr = {"abcd", "bcdd", "defde", "fTr"};
            List<String> strList = Arrays.stream(strArr).map(String::toUpperCase).collect(Collectors.toList());
    
            List<Integer> intList = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11);
            List<Integer> intListNew = intList.stream().map(x -> x + 3).collect(Collectors.toList());
    
            System.out.println("每个元素大写:" + strList);//[ABCD, BCDD, DEFDE, FTR]
            System.out.println("每个元素+3:" + intListNew);//[4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14]

    案例二:将员工的薪资全部增加1000。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
    
    // 不改变原来员工集合的方式
    List<Person> personListNew = personList.stream().map(person -> {
        Person personNew = new Person(person.getName(), 0, 0, null, null);
        personNew.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
        return personNew;
    }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    System.out.println("一次改动personList:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personList.get(0).getSalary());//一次改动personList:Tom-->8900
    System.out.println("一次改动personListNew:" + personListNew.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew.get(0).getSalary());//一次改动personListNew:Tom-->18900
    
    // 改变原来员工集合的方式
    List<Person> personListNew2 = personList.stream().map(person -> {
        person.setSalary(person.getSalary() + 10000);
        return person;
    }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    System.out.println("二次改动personList:" + personList.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personList.get(0).getSalary());//二次改动personList:Tom-->18900
    System.out.println("二次改动后personListNew2:" + personListNew2.get(0).getName() + "-->" + personListNew2.get(0).getSalary());//二次改动后personListNew2:Tom-->18900

    案例三:将两个字符数组合并成一个新的字符数组。

    List<String> list = Arrays.asList("m,k,l,a", "1,3,5,7");
    List<String> listNew = list.stream().flatMap(s -> {
        // 将每个元素转换成一个stream
        String[] split = s.split(",");
        return Arrays.stream(split);
    }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    
    System.out.println("处理前的集合:" + list);//处理前的集合:[m,k,l,a, 1,3,5,7]
    System.out.println("处理后的集合:" + listNew);//处理后的集合:[m, k, l, a, 1, 3, 5, 7]

    归约(reduce)

    归约,也称缩减,顾名思义,是把一个流缩减成一个值,能实现对集合求和、求乘积和求最值操作。

    案例一:求Integer集合的元素之和、乘积和最大值。

    List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 8, 11, 4);
    // 求和方式1
    Optional<Integer> sum = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x + y);
    // 求和方式2
    Optional<Integer> sum2 = list.stream().reduce(Integer::sum);
    // 求和方式3
    Integer sum3 = list.stream().reduce(0, Integer::sum);
    
    // 求乘积
    Optional<Integer> product = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x * y);
    
    // 求最大值方式1
    Optional<Integer> max = list.stream().reduce((x, y) -> x > y ? x : y);
    // 求最大值写法2
    Integer max2 = list.stream().reduce(1, Integer::max);
    
    System.out.println("list求和:" + sum.get() + "," + sum2.get() + "," + sum3);//29,29,29
    System.out.println("list求积:" + product.get());//2112
    System.out.println("list求和:" + max.get() + "," + max2);//11,11

    案例二:求所有员工的工资之和和最高工资。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 25, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 26, "female", "New York"));
    
    // 求工资之和方式1:
    Optional<Integer> sumSalary = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
    // 求工资之和方式2:
    Integer sumSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(),
            (sum1, sum2) -> sum1 + sum2);
    // 求工资之和方式3:
    Integer sumSalary3 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (sum, p) -> sum += p.getSalary(), Integer::sum);
    
    // 求最高工资方式1:
    Integer maxSalary = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
            Integer::max);
    // 求最高工资方式2:
    Integer maxSalary2 = personList.stream().reduce(0, (max, p) -> max > p.getSalary() ? max : p.getSalary(),
            (max1, max2) -> max1 > max2 ? max1 : max2);
    
    System.out.println("工资之和:" + sumSalary.get() + "," + sumSalary2 + "," + sumSalary3);//49300,49300,49300
    System.out.println("最高工资:" + maxSalary + "," + maxSalary2);//9500,9500

    收集(collect)

    collect,收集,可以说是内容最繁多、功能最丰富的部分了。从字面上去理解,就是把一个流收集起来,最终可以是收集成一个值也可以收集成一个新的集合。

    collect主要依赖java.util.stream.Collectors类内置的静态方法。

    归集(toList/toSet/toMap)

    因为流不存储数据,那么在流中的数据完成处理后,需要将流中的数据重新归集到新的集合里。toListtoSettoMap比较常用,另外还有toCollectiontoConcurrentMap等复杂一些的用法。

     下面用一个案例演示toListtoSettoMap

    List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 6, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 6, 20);
    List<Integer> listNew = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toList());
    Set<Integer> set = list.stream().filter(x -> x % 2 == 0).collect(Collectors.toSet());
    
    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 24, "female", "New York"));
    
    Map<?, Person> map = personList.stream().filter(p -> p.getSalary() > 8000)
            .collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, p -> p));
    System.out.println("toList:" + listNew);//[6, 4, 6, 6, 20]
    System.out.println("toSet:" + set);//[4, 20, 6]
    System.out.println("toMap:" + map);//{Tom=Person(name=Tom, salary=8900, age=23, sex=male, area=New York), Anni=Person(name=Anni, salary=8200, age=24, sex=female, area=New York)}

    统计(count/averaging)

     Collectors提供了一系列用于数据统计的静态方法:

    • 计数:count
    • 平均值:averagingIntaveragingLongaveragingDouble
    • 最值:maxByminBy
    • 求和:summingIntsummingLongsummingDouble
    • 统计以上所有:summarizingIntsummarizingLongsummarizingDouble

    案例:统计员工人数、平均工资、工资总额、最高工资。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    
    // 求总数
    Long count = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.counting());
    // 求平均工资
    Double average = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.averagingDouble(Person::getSalary));
    // 求最高工资
    Optional<Integer> max = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).collect(Collectors.maxBy(Integer::compare));
    // 求工资之和
    Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Person::getSalary));
    // 一次性统计所有信息
    DoubleSummaryStatistics collect = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Person::getSalary));
    
    System.out.println("员工总数:" + count);//3
    System.out.println("员工平均工资:" + average);//7900.0
    System.out.println("员工工资总和:" + sum);//23700
    System.out.println("员工工资所有统计:" + collect);//DoubleSummaryStatistics{count=3, sum=23700.000000, min=7000.000000, average=7900.000000, max=8900.000000}

    分组(partitioningBy/groupingBy)

    • 分区:将stream按条件分为两个Map,比如员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分。
    • 分组:将集合分为多个Map,比如员工按性别分组。有单级分组和多级分组。

    案例:将员工按薪资是否高于8000分为两部分;将员工按性别和地区分组

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 1, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 1, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 1, "female", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Anni", 8200, 1, "female", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Owen", 9500, 1, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 7900, 1, "female", "New York"));
    
    // 将员工按薪资是否高于8000分组
    Map<Boolean, List<Person>> part = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(x -> x.getSalary() > 8000));
    // 将员工按性别分组
    Map<String, List<Person>> group = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex));
    // 将员工先按性别分组,再按地区分组
    Map<String, Map<String, List<Person>>> group2 = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getSex, Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getArea)));
    System.out.println("员工按薪资是否大于8000分组情况:" + part);
    System.out.println("员工按性别分组情况:" + group);
    System.out.println("员工按性别、地区:" + group2);

    接合(joining)

    joining可以将stream中的元素用特定的连接符(没有的话,则直接连接)连接成一个字符串。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    
    String names = personList.stream().map(p -> p.getName()).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
    System.out.println("所有员工的姓名:" + names);//Tom,Jack,Lily
    List<String> list = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");
    String string = list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("-"));
    System.out.println("拼接后的字符串:" + string);//A-B-C

    归约(reducing)

    Collectors类提供的reducing方法,相比于stream本身的reduce方法,增加了对自定义归约的支持。

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 23, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 7000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 7800, 21, "female", "Washington"));
    
    // 每个员工减去起征点后的薪资之和(这个例子并不严谨,但一时没想到好的例子)
    Integer sum = personList.stream().collect(Collectors.reducing(0, Person::getSalary, (i, j) -> (i + j - 5000)));
    System.out.println("员工扣税薪资总和:" + sum);//8700
    
    // stream的reduce
    Optional<Integer> sum2 = personList.stream().map(Person::getSalary).reduce(Integer::sum);
    System.out.println("员工薪资总和:" + sum2.get());//23700

    排序(sorted)

    sorted,中间操作。有两种排序:

    • sorted():自然排序,流中元素需实现Comparable接口
    • sorted(Comparator com):Comparator排序器自定义排序

    案例:将员工按工资由高到低(工资一样则按年龄由大到小)排序

    List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>();
    
    personList.add(new Person("Sherry", 9000, 24, "female", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Tom", 8900, 22, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Jack", 9000, 25, "male", "Washington"));
    personList.add(new Person("Lily", 8800, 26, "male", "New York"));
    personList.add(new Person("Alisa", 9000, 26, "female", "New York"));
    
    // 按工资升序排序(自然排序)
    List<String> newList = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary)).map(Person::getName)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    // 按工资倒序排序
    List<String> newList2 = personList.stream().sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).reversed())
            .map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
    // 先按工资再按年龄升序排序
    List<String> newList3 = personList.stream()
            .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Person::getSalary).thenComparing(Person::getAge)).map(Person::getName)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    // 先按工资再按年龄自定义排序(降序)
    List<String> newList4 = personList.stream().sorted((p1, p2) -> {
        if (p1.getSalary() == p2.getSalary()) {
            return p2.getAge() - p1.getAge();
        } else {
            return p2.getSalary() - p1.getSalary();
        }
    }).map(Person::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
    
    System.out.println("按工资升序排序:" + newList);//[Lily, Tom, Sherry, Jack, Alisa]
    System.out.println("按工资降序排序:" + newList2);//[Sherry, Jack, Alisa, Tom, Lily]
    System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄升序排序:" + newList3);//[Lily, Tom, Sherry, Jack, Alisa]
    System.out.println("先按工资再按年龄自定义降序排序:" + newList4);//[Alisa, Jack, Sherry, Tom, Lily]

    提取/组合

    流也可以进行合并、去重、限制、跳过等操作。

    String[] arr1 = {"a", "b", "c", "d"};
    String[] arr2 = {"d", "e", "f", "g"};
    
    Stream<String> stream1 = Stream.of(arr1);
    Stream<String> stream2 = Stream.of(arr2);
    // concat:合并两个流 distinct:去重
    List<String> newList = Stream.concat(stream1, stream2).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
    // limit:限制从流中获得前n个数据
    List<Integer> collect = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).limit(10).collect(Collectors.toList());
    // skip:跳过前n个数据
    List<Integer> collect2 = Stream.iterate(1, x -> x + 2).skip(1).limit(5).collect(Collectors.toList());
    
    System.out.println("流合并:" + newList);//[a, b, c, d, e, f, g]
    System.out.println("limit:" + collect);//[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]
    System.out.println("skip:" + collect2);//[3, 5, 7, 9, 11]

     

    附:

    @Data
    public class Person {
    
        private String name; // 姓名
        private int salary; // 薪资
        private int age; // 年龄
        private String sex; //性别
        private String area; // 地区
    
        // 构造方法
        public Person(String name, int salary, int age, String sex, String area) {
            this.name = name;
            this.salary = salary;
            this.age = age;
            this.sex = sex;
            this.area = area;
        }
    }

     参考来源:blog.csdn.net/mu_wind/article/details/109516995

    https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/kYJjSIFlq8x4dVBWJ1O_CQ

    3.6.1 归集(toList/toSet/toMap)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ooo0/p/15251928.html
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