1.首先在VirtualBox界面给虚拟机添加一块磁盘
2. 启动系统，查看当前磁盘空间
Last login: Tue Mar 15 22:24:47 2016 from 192.168.1.100
[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00021c30
（原来的磁盘sda，分为两个区，sda1和sda2）
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 1045 7875584 8e Linux LVM
（新添加的磁盘sdb是没有经过分区的，如果再添加一个磁盘默认就是sdc，sdd依次类推）
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 7205 MB, 7205814272 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 876 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 855 MB, 855638016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
3. 新磁盘sdb分区
[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
……
[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
（可以看出，sdb磁盘没有包含任何有效的分区表，fdisk /dev/sda磁盘就没有这样的提示）
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xab6af5b9.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044):
Using default value 1044
Command (m for help): w 说明：w write table to disk and exit
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
4. 查看分区后的磁盘情况
[root@NameNode1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00021c30
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 1045 7875584 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xab6af5b9
（sdb分为一个区sdb1）
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1044 8385898+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 7205 MB, 7205814272 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 876 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 855 MB, 855638016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
5. 格式化磁盘分区
把虚拟硬盘分区格式化为ext4之前，需要先查看系统是否加载ext4模块
[root@NameNode1 ~]# lsmod |grep ext4
ext4 374902 2
jbd2 93427 1 ext4
mbcache 8193 1 ext4
[root@NameNode1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 格式化分区sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
524288 inodes, 2096474 blocks
104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648
64 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@NameNode1 ~]#
6. 挂载磁盘分区
[root@NameNode1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 6.7G 3.1G 3.3G 49% /
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot
[root@NameNode1 ~]# mkdir /Hadoop 创建挂载目录
[root@NameNode1 ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /Hadoop 挂载sdb1到/Hadoop
[root@NameNode1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 6.7G 3.1G 3.3G 49% /
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 35M 426M 8% /boot
/dev/sdb1 7.9G 146M 7.4G 2% /Hadoop ----已挂载成功
[root@NameNode1 ~]#
7. 开机自动挂载磁盘
[root@NameNode1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Mar 15 20:24:46 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=4cf6abd9-cc96-4c18-920f-e4f5ab85124d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /hadoop ext4 defaults 0 0
（加入最后一行内容）
这样，系统重启后，sdb1也能自动挂载到/hadoop