一、创建列表：
li = []
li = list()
name_list = ['alex', 'seven', 'eric']
name_list ＝ list(['alex', 'seven', 'eric'])
二、基本操作：
索引
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
print(name_list[0]) #eirc
print (name_list[2]) #'tommy'
print (name_list[-1]) #'tommy'
print (name_list[-2]) #'morra'
print (name_list[1:]) #['morra', 'tommy']
print(name_list.index('eirc')) #输出eric的索引
print(type(li[2])) #<class 'str'>索引取出来后是元素的类型
索引的特殊用法
>>> li=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
>>> li[::-1] #倒叙
[8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
>>> li[::-2] #元素之间间隔2
[8, 6, 4, 2]
>>> li[::-3]
[8, 5, 2]
切片
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
print(name_list[0:2]) #['eirc', 'morra']
print(name_list[2:len(name_list)]) #['tommy']
print(type(li[1:2])) #<class 'list'>切片取出之后是列表类型
追加与扩展
追加：
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
name_list.append('456') #直接操作对象，无返回值
print(name_list)
OUTPUT:
['eirc', 'morra', 'tommy', '456']
扩展：
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
name_list2 = ["bom"]
name_list.extend(name_list2) #直接操作对象，无返回值
print(name_list)
OUTPUT:
['eirc', 'morra', 'tommy', 'bom']
插入
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
name_list.insert(1,'hello') #直接操作对象，无返回值
print(name_list)
OUTPUT:
['eirc', 'hello', 'morra', 'tommy']
删除
pop()：删除尾部元素
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
temp = name_list.pop() #删除尾部元素，并把所删除的元素存到一个新值里
print(name_list)
print(temp)
OUTPUT:
['eirc', 'morra']
tommy
remove()：删除指定元素，只能有一个参数（匹配从左到右的第一个），不能加index
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy"]
name_list.remove("morra")
print(name_list)
OUTPUT:
['eirc', 'tommy']
del:删除指定元素，可以使用索引和切片
name_list = ["eirc","morra","tommy","bom"]
del name_list[0]
print(name_list)
del name_list[1:2]
print(name_list)
OUTPUT：
['morra', 'tommy', 'bom']
['morra', 'bom']
列表脚本操作符
列表对+和的操作符与字符串相似。+号用于组合列表，号用于重复列表，例如：
print len([1, 2, 3]); #3
print [1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6]; #[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print ['Hi!'] * 4; #['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!']
print 3 in [1, 2, 3] #True
for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, #1 2 3
拷贝
list的拷贝有5种方式
#1
listb = lista[:]
#2
listb = list(lista)
#3
listb = [i for i in lista]
#4
import copy
listb = copy.copy(lista) #浅拷贝
#5
import copy
listb = copy.deepcopy(lista) #深拷贝
补充
注意：在业务代码里，一般会把列表写成 a = [1,2,3,]的形式，在使用特定框架时会用到。
三、可迭代性
一般来说只要可以用for循环，我们就认为它是可迭代的
class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
"""
判断一个数据类型是否可迭代：
from collections import Iterable #使用collections模块的Iterable类型来判断
li = [1,2,3,4]
ret = isinstance(li,Iterable)
print(ret) #True
字符串转列表
s = "你好morra"
li = list(s)
print(li)
OUTPUT:
['你', '好', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'r', 'a']
元组转列表
tu = ("你好","alex")
li = list(tu)
print(li)
OUTPUT:
['你好', 'alex']
字典转列表
dic = {'k1':'hello','k2':'morra'}
l3 = list(dic) #字典在循环的时候默认只循环key
print(l3)
l4 = list(dic.values())
print(l4)
l5 = list(dic.items())
print(l5)
OUTPUT:
['k2', 'k1']
['morra', 'hello']
[('k2', 'morra'), ('k1', 'hello')]
四、源码
class list(object):
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
"""
def append(self, p_object):
"""追加，直接操作对象，无返回值"""
""" L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end """
pass
def clear(self):
""" L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L """
pass
def copy(self):
""" L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L """
return []
def count(self, value):
""" L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
return 0
def extend(self, iterable):
""" L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
pass
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None):
"""
L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
return 0
def insert(self, index, p_object):
""" L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
pass
def pop(self, index=None):
"""
L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
"""
pass
def remove(self, value):
"""
L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
"""
pass
def reverse(self):
"""列表倒序"""
""" L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
pass
def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False):
""""快速排序，问：包含字母数字中文的列表该怎么排序？"""
""" L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE* """
pass
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self+value. """
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return key in self. """
pass
def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Delete self[key]. """
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self==value. """
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
pass
def __getitem__(self, y):
""" x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self>=value. """
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self>value. """
pass
def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Implement self+=value. """
pass
def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Implement self*=value. """
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
"""
list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Implement iter(self). """
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return len(self). """
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self<=value. """
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self<value. """
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self*value.n """
pass
@staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self!=value. """
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return repr(self). """
pass
def __reversed__(self):
""" L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Return self*value. """
pass
def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" Set self[key] to value. """
pass
def __sizeof__(self):
""" L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
pass
__hash__ = None