hibernate框架学习笔记8：一对多关系案例

两个实体类：客户与联系人，一个客户可以有多个联系人

客户类：

package domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

//客户实体
public class Customer {
    
    private Long cust_id;
    private String cust_name;
    private String cust_source;
    private String cust_industry;
    private String cust_level;
    private String cust_linkman;
    private String cust_phone;
    private String cust_mobile;
    //使用set集合,表达一对多关系
    private Set<LinkMan> linkMens = new HashSet<LinkMan>();

    public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMens() {
        return linkMens;
    }
    public void setLinkMens(Set<LinkMan> linkMens) {
        this.linkMens = linkMens;
    }
    public Long getCust_id() {
        return cust_id;
    }
    public void setCust_id(Long cust_id) {
        this.cust_id = cust_id;
    }
    public String getCust_name() {
        return cust_name;
    }
    public void setCust_name(String cust_name) {
        this.cust_name = cust_name;
    }
    public String getCust_source() {
        return cust_source;
    }
    public void setCust_source(String cust_source) {
        this.cust_source = cust_source;
    }
    public String getCust_industry() {
        return cust_industry;
    }
    public void setCust_industry(String cust_industry) {
        this.cust_industry = cust_industry;
    }
    public String getCust_level() {
        return cust_level;
    }
    public void setCust_level(String cust_level) {
        this.cust_level = cust_level;
    }
    public String getCust_linkman() {
        return cust_linkman;
    }
    public void setCust_linkman(String cust_linkman) {
        this.cust_linkman = cust_linkman;
    }
    public String getCust_phone() {
        return cust_phone;
    }
    public void setCust_phone(String cust_phone) {
        this.cust_phone = cust_phone;
    }
    public String getCust_mobile() {
        return cust_mobile;
    }
    public void setCust_mobile(String cust_mobile) {
        this.cust_mobile = cust_mobile;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer [cust_id=" + cust_id + ", cust_name=" + cust_name + "]";
    }
}

联系人类：

package domain;

//联系人实体
public class LinkMan {
    private Long lkm_id;
    private Character lkm_gender;
    private String lkm_name;
    private String lkm_phone;
    private String lkm_email;
    private String lkm_qq;
    private String lkm_mobile;
    private String lkm_memo;
    private String lkm_position;

    // 表达多对一关系
    private Customer customer;

    public Customer getCustomer() {
        return customer;
    }

    public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
        this.customer = customer;
    }

    public Long getLkm_id() {
        return lkm_id;
    }

    public void setLkm_id(Long lkm_id) {
        this.lkm_id = lkm_id;
    }

    public Character getLkm_gender() {
        return lkm_gender;
    }

    public void setLkm_gender(Character lkm_gender) {
        this.lkm_gender = lkm_gender;
    }

    public String getLkm_name() {
        return lkm_name;
    }

    public void setLkm_name(String lkm_name) {
        this.lkm_name = lkm_name;
    }

    public String getLkm_phone() {
        return lkm_phone;
    }

    public void setLkm_phone(String lkm_phone) {
        this.lkm_phone = lkm_phone;
    }

    public String getLkm_email() {
        return lkm_email;
    }

    public void setLkm_email(String lkm_email) {
        this.lkm_email = lkm_email;
    }

    public String getLkm_qq() {
        return lkm_qq;
    }

    public void setLkm_qq(String lkm_qq) {
        this.lkm_qq = lkm_qq;
    }

    public String getLkm_mobile() {
        return lkm_mobile;
    }

    public void setLkm_mobile(String lkm_mobile) {
        this.lkm_mobile = lkm_mobile;
    }

    public String getLkm_memo() {
        return lkm_memo;
    }

    public void setLkm_memo(String lkm_memo) {
        this.lkm_memo = lkm_memo;
    }

    public String getLkm_position() {
        return lkm_position;
    }

    public void setLkm_position(String lkm_position) {
        this.lkm_position = lkm_position;
    }

}

Customer.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="domain" >
    <class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" >
        <id name="cust_id"  >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="cust_name" column="cust_name" ></property>
        <property name="cust_source" column="cust_source" ></property>
        <property name="cust_industry" column="cust_industry" ></property>
        <property name="cust_level" column="cust_level" ></property>
        <property name="cust_linkman" column="cust_linkman" ></property>
        <property name="cust_phone" column="cust_phone" ></property>
        <property name="cust_mobile" column="cust_mobile" ></property>
    
        <!-- 集合,一对多关系,在配置文件中配置 -->
        <!-- 
            name属性:集合属性名
            column属性: 外键列名
            class属性: 与我关联的对象完整类名
         -->
        <set name="linkMens">
            <key column="lkm_cust_id" ></key>
            <one-to-many class="LinkMan" />
        </set>
        
    
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

LinkMan.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="domain" >
    <class name="LinkMan" table="cst_linkman" >
        <id name="lkm_id"  >
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="lkm_gender"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_name"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_phone"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_email"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_qq"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_mobile"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_memo"  ></property>
        <property name="lkm_position"  ></property>
        
        <!-- 多对一 -->
        <!-- 
            name属性:引用属性名
            column属性: 外键列名
            class属性: 与我关联的对象完整类名
         -->
        <many-to-one name="customer" column="lkm_cust_id" class="Customer"  ></many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

核心配置文件：

hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <!-- 数据库url -->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接用户名 -->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <!-- 数据库连接密码 -->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">xuyiqing</property>
        
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <!-- 将hibernate生成的sql语句打印到控制台 -->
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 将hibernate生成的sql语句格式化(语法缩进) -->
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
        
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <!-- 引入orm元数据 路径书写: 填写src下的路径 -->
        
        <property name="hibernate.connection.isolation">4</property>
         
        <!-- 指定session与当前线程绑定 -->
        <property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        
        <mapping resource="domain/Customer.hbm.xml" />
        <mapping resource="domain/LinkMan.hbm.xml" />

    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

自定义工具类：

package utils;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtils {
    private static SessionFactory sf;
    
    static{
        //1 创建,调用空参构造
        Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
        //2 根据配置信息,创建 SessionFactory对象
         sf = conf.buildSessionFactory();
    }
    
    //获得session => 获得全新session
    public static Session openSession(){
                //3 获得session
                Session session = sf.openSession();
                
                return session;
        
    }
    //获得session => 获得与线程绑定的session
    public static Session getCurrentSession(){
        //3 获得session
        Session session = sf.getCurrentSession();
        
        return session;
    }    
}

测试类：

package oneTomany;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import domain.Customer;
import domain.LinkMan;
import utils.HibernateUtils;

//一对多|多对一关系操作
public class Demo {
    @Test
    //保存客户 以及客户 下的联系人
    public void fun1(){
        //1 获得session
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        //2 开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        //-------------------------------------------------
        //3操作
        Customer c = new Customer();
        c.setCust_name("腾讯");
        
        LinkMan lm1 = new LinkMan();
        lm1.setLkm_name("马化腾");
        
        LinkMan lm2 = new LinkMan();
        lm2.setLkm_name("张三");
        
        //表达一对多,客户下有多个联系人
        c.getLinkMens().add(lm1);
        c.getLinkMens().add(lm2);
        
        //表达多对一,联系人属于哪个客户
        lm1.setCustomer(c);
        lm2.setCustomer(c);
        
        
        session.save(c);
        session.save(lm1);
        session.save(lm2);
        //-------------------------------------------------
        //4提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //5关闭资源
        session.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    //为客户增加联系人
    public void fun2(){
        //1 获得session
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        //2 开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        //-------------------------------------------------
        //3操作
        //1> 获得要操作的客户对象
        Customer c = session.get(Customer.class,1l);
        //2> 创建联系人
        LinkMan lm1 = new LinkMan();
        lm1.setLkm_name("李四");
        //3> 将联系人添加到客户,将客户设置到联系人中
        c.getLinkMens().add(lm1);
        lm1.setCustomer(c);
        //4> 执行保存
        session.save(lm1);
        //-------------------------------------------------
        //4提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //5关闭资源
        session.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    //为客户删除联系人
    public void fun3(){
        //1 获得session
        Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
        //2 开启事务
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        //-------------------------------------------------
        //3操作
        //1> 获得要操作的客户对象
        Customer c = session.get(Customer.class,1l);
        //2> 获得要移除的联系人
        LinkMan lm = session.get(LinkMan.class, 3l);
        //3> 将联系人从客户集合中移除
        c.getLinkMens().remove(lm);
        lm.setCustomer(null);
        //-------------------------------------------------
        //4提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //5关闭资源
        session.close();
    }
        
}

进阶操作一：cascade

上边fun1代码这一段：

        session.save(c);
        session.save(lm1);
        session.save(lm2);

这里发现：如果有很多个联系人，依次保存联系人代码量大，有没有一种方法，在保存客户的同时保存所有的联系人呢？

级联操作: cascade
save-update: 级联保存更新
delete:级联删除
all:save-update+delete
级联操作: 简化操作.目的就是为了少些两行代码.

配置文件：

        <set name="linkMens" cascade="save-update"  >
            <key column="lkm_cust_id" ></key>
            <one-to-many class="LinkMan" />
        </set>

这里就做到了级联保存

同样还有级联删除：删除客户，那么所有该客户所有联系人都将被删除

注意：客户和联系人配置文件都可以设置cascade属性

进阶操作二：

关系维护属性：inverse

多表操作的时候，会自动维护双方，影响效率，这里可以取消其中的维护以提高效率

在这里，客户一方可以不维护（即设置该属性为true）

        <set name="linkMens" inverse="true" cascade="delete"  >
            <key column="lkm_cust_id" ></key>
            <one-to-many class="LinkMan" />
        </set>

inverse属性: 配置关系是否维护.
true: customer不维护关系
false(默认值): customer维护关系

inverse属性: 性能优化.提高关系维护的性能.
原则: 无论怎么放弃,总有一方必须要维护关系.

注意：

一对多关系中: 一的一方放弃.也只能一的一方放弃.多的一方不能放弃.