在Centos 7 使用rpm 安装 mysql-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql rpm 下载网站
#下载bundle 文件包含所有依赖，由于网速我选择清华镜像站下载
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
清华镜像地址、
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/
[root@kube mariadb]# pwd /usr/local/src/mariadb
//wget 镜像站直接下载 [root@kube mariadb]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
依次安装
[root@kube mariadb]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.e################################# [100%] [root@kube mariadb]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7################################# [100%] [root@kube mariadb]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.e################################# [100%] [root@kube mariadb]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.e################################# [100%]
启动数据库
# 查看mysql是否启动
service mysqld status
# 启动mysql
service mysqld start
# 停止mysql
service mysqld stop
# 重启mysql
service mysqld restart
修改密码
[root@kube ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 2020-05-26T09:02:38.400448Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: dsT5,0Rw1sv* [root@kube ~]#
mysql> set password='Default_zy2020'; //密码符合规则 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@kube etc]# cat my.cnf # Example MariaDB config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MariaDB plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MariaDB is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MariaDB programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, do: # 'my_print_defaults --help' and see what is printed under # Default options are read from the following files in the given order: # More information at: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MariaDB clients [client] #mysql 客户端配置 #password = your_password port = 3306 #连接服务的指定端口 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #客户端应用程序 quick #支持较大的数据路转储，导出大表时需要此项配置 max_allowed_packet = 16M #服务器所能处理的请求包的最大大小以及服务所能处理的最大的请求大小 #注意：只有 MySQL 附带的客户端应用程序保证可以读取这段内容。如果想要自己的 MySQL 应用程序获取这些值，需要在 MySQL 客户端库初始化的时候指定这些选项。列如你的phpmyadmin 需要自己指定参数 # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MariaDB server [mysqld] #sqlserver 配置项 port = 3306 #监听端口 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #应用程序 skip-external-locking #该 选项告诉mysqld不要使用外部锁定 key_buffer_size = 16M #用于指定索引缓冲区大小 max_allowed_packet = 1M #设置一次消息最大传输值 table_open_cache = 64 #打开最大表的数量 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M #character-set-server = binary # Point the following paths to different dedicated disks #tmpdir = /tmp/ # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [root@kube etc]#
可以发现，在上面的列表中有 6 个数据库，它们都是安装 MySQL 时系统自动创建的，其各自功能如下： information_schema：主要存储了系统中的一些数据库对象信息，比如用户表信息、列信息、权限信息、字符集信息和分区信息等。 mysql：MySQL 的核心数据库，类似于 SQL Server 中的 master 表，主要负责存储数据库用户、用户访问权限等 MySQL 自己需要使用的控制和管理信息。常用的比如在 mysql 数据库的 user 表中修改 root 用户密码。 performance_schema：主要用于收集数据库服务器性能参数。 sakila：MySQL 提供的样例数据库，该数据库共有 16 张表，这些数据表都是比较常见的，在设计数据库时，可以参照这些样例数据表来快速完成所需的数据表。 sys：MySQL 5.7 安装完成后会多一个 sys 数据库。sys 数据库主要提供了一些视图，数据都来自于 performation_schema，主要是让开发者和使用者更方便地查看性能问题。 world：world 数据库是 MySQL 自动创建的数据库，该数据库中只包括 3 张数据表，分别保存城市，国家和国家使用的语言等内容。
或者使用 Yum 源直接进行安装，找到官方给定的yum 源编辑repo 文件直接进行安装就行
[root@kube yum.repos.d]# cat mysql.repo #Enable to use MySQL 5.7 [mysql] name=MySQL5.7 baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7//$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql [root@kube yum.repos.d]#